89 © The Society for Experimental Mechanics, Inc. 2021 J. Notbohm et al. (eds.), Mechanics of Biological Systems and Materials & Micro-and Nanomechanics & Research Applications, Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59765-8_17 Failure of Three-Tab Shingles Subjected to Wind Gusts Up To 150 MPH: A DIC Based Study Sreehari Rajan, Troy Myers, and Michael A. Sutton Abstract Premature failure of asphalt-shingled roofng systems due to high winds is a major fnancial issue in the United States. In this study, the mechanism for sealant separation in three-tab shingle systems is evaluated experimentally using (a) in-situ StereoDIC measurements of the deformations in a model shingled roof system subject to wind gusts up to 150 mph and (b) separate fracture experiments for the sealant material to obtain the traction-separation relationship as a function of bonding parameters including temperature and pressure. Results from the series of fracture experiments showed that lower bonding temperatures (55 °C) resulted in partial sealing of the shingles, with separation characterized by adhesive failure of the sealant during wind loading. Shingles with sealant bonding at higher temperature (70 °C) remained intact for more than 2 hours when subjected to wind speeds up to 150 mph. Keywords StereoDIC, Asphalt shingle, Sealant adhesive, Wind load, Uplift resistance 17.1 Introduction Asphalt roof shingles are one of the favorite roofng materials for waterproofng residential and commercial building in North America due to its ease of installation, low maintenance cost and aesthetic appeal. Modern asphalt roof shingles consist of a bitumen-impregnated fberglass mat with mineral granules on top of the shingles to protect from UV radiation. Figure 17.1 shows a typical modern roof shingle arrangement. As shown in Fig. 17.1, the shingles are secured in place by nailing to the roof panel along the trailing side and by a continuous sealant layer strip near the leading edge of the shingle. The sealant strip material is a form of bitumen, an organic thermoplastic material widely used as a binding material in asphalt pavements and roofng shingles. The sealant layer plays an important role in preventing uplift of the shingle due to wind loads. Wind resistance ratings are based on experiments, as per ASTM standards such as ASTM D3161 [1] or ASTM D7158 [2]. However, there is a wealth of data today [3, 4] indicating that asphalt roofng systems rated for 150 mph wind speed may incur premature failure under sustained hurricane force winds that are much less than 150 mph. A study by Spark et al. [5] showed that the majority of wind damage to houses during Hurricanes Hugo and Andrew was restricted to the envelop of the building, including roof shingles, windows and doors. Previous studies by the authors have shown that the shingle and sealant materials are highly viscoelastic at its in-service temperature [6–8]. The fracture toughness of the sealant is also reported to be highly rate dependent, with transition from S. Rajan (*) · T. Myers · M. A. Sutton Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA e-mail: sreehari@email.sc.edu 17