Vol 10, Issue 7, 2017 Online - 2455-3891 Print - 0974-2441 PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL STUDIES ON GARCINIA LATTISSIMA MIQ. FRUIT EXTRACT NENENG SITI SILFI AMBARWATI 1,2 , BERNA ELYA 1 *, AMARILA MALIK 1 , MUHAMMAD HANAFI 3 1 Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia. 2 Faculty of Engineering, Jakarta State University, Jl. RawamangunMuka, East Jakarta 13220, Indonesia. 3 Centre for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Serpong, Banten, Indonesia. Email: berna.elya@gmail.com Received: 17 March 2017, Revised and Accepted: 13 April 2017 ABSTRACT Objective: The present investigation was aimed to explore the phytoconstituents present in the fruit part of Garcinia lattissima Miq. and their antimicrobial efficacy. Methods: The preliminary phytochemical constituents were qualitatively analyzed using the standard procedures described in Materia Medica Indonesia. Antimicrobial screening was performed using disc diffusion and dilution methods. Results: Phytochemical screening of different extracts of G. lattissima Miq. fruits revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, flavonoids, and alkaloids, and the results are shown in Table 1. The ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts of G. lattissima Miq. fruits showed antimicrobial activity, and the n-hexane extract failed to prove the inhibition against the selected pathogens. Conclusion: The results of the phytochemical and bio-efficacy study revealed most valuable information and also support the continued sustainable use of G. lattissima Miq. fruits in the traditional system of medicine. Keywords: Garcinia lattissima Miq., Antimicrobial, Phytochemical, Tannins, Saponins, Flavonoids, Alkaloids. INTRODUCTION This study proposed the existence of active phytochemical compounds and to explore the antimicrobial activity in different solvents of Garcinia lattissima Miq. fruit extract. Plants as living chemical factories provide a vast number of important chemical substances that display a variety of biological actions. About 35,000 (some estimate up to 70,000) plant species are used worldwide for medicinal purposes. Researchers have investigated <0.5% of these for their phytochemical and pharmacological potentials. More latterly there has been a recovery of attracting in the medicinal possibles of therapeutic trees as antimicrobials.Also, others species have been researchedtonew antimicrobials potential of plant species [1]. The Clusiaceae or Guttiferae family contains 27 genera and 1,090 species, mostly restricted to lowland tropics [2]. Of which, Garcinia genus includes about 400 species of evergreen trees or shrubs, occurring from West Africa across tropical Asia to the Fiji Island [3], and most of these contain xanthones [2]. Garcinia latissima Miq. commonly known as Dolomagota (Maluku, Indonesia) and the gland of the plant used as cure wound [4]. G. lattissima Miq. is distributed in East Sepik, Eastern Highlands, West Sepik, Southern Highlands, Western Highlands, Madang, Western Morobe, Milne Bay, Central Gulf, Britain, and Papua Islands [5]. In Indonesia, G. lattissima Miq. grows in Seram Island, Maluku, and in Papua, but it has been cultivated in the Bogor Botanic Gardens [6]. Constituents of the stem bark ethanol extract of G. lattissima Miq. gathered in Papua New Guinea Central Province were latisxanthone-A, latisxanthone-B, latisxanthone-C, and latisxanthone-D [7]. Latisxanthone is classified as pyranoxanthone. The G. lattissima Miq. stem bark ethanol extract collected in Papua New Guinea (Central Province) showed good antibacterial activity (inhibition zone was 8-12 mm) against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis (Gram-positive bacteria) and moderate activity (inhibition zone was 4-7 mm) against Escherichia coli [8]. With this knowledge, the present investigation deals with the phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial efficacy of G. lattissima Miq. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant collection and extraction G. lattissima Miq. fruits were collected and identified from the Center for Plant Conservation Bogor Botanical Gardens, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), West Java, Indonesia. The sliced fruits were shade- dried at room temperature and powdered coarsely using a mechanical homogenizer. Powdered plant material was extracted by multilevel maceration using various solvents such as n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanolic in a row. The filtrate of the extracts was evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator. The extraction yields were collected, weighted, and stored at 4°C before use [1]. The extraction yield can be calculated by dry weight of extract extraction yield (%) dry weight of plant powder = × 100 [9] Phytochemical and antimicrobial activities The qualitatively analyzed phytochemical constituents used in the standard procedures were described by Fransworth and methods from Materia Medica Indonesia Volume VI [10-11]. Antimicrobial screening was performed by disc diffusion method [12]. Two Gram-positive bacteria (B. subtilis ATCC 6633 and S. aureus ATCC 25923), two Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and E. coli ATCC 25922), and two fungi (Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes). The zone of inhibition against the selected pathogens was determined and recorded. The standard antibiotics used as positive control were gentamycin for S. aureus, erythromycin for B. subtilis, ciprofloxacin for P. aeruginosa, and amoxicillin for E. coli. The first step of the zone of © 2017 The Authors. Published by Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by/4. 0/) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i7.18528 Research Article