Borlongan, Ariane Macalinga. (in press for 2022). History. In Ariane Macalinga Borlongan (Ed.), Philippine English: Development, structure, and sociology of English in the Philippines. London, the United Kingdom: Routledge. 2 History Ariane Macalinga Borlongan 2.1 Aim and Outline This chapter narrates the history of English in the Philippines and Philippine English (PhE) using Schneider’s (2003, 2007) dynamic model of the evolution of Englishes as framework. As such, the historical narrative is organized according to the stages Schneider identified in his model but it is necessary to begin with a brief description of his model as well as the placement of PhE in the model. Also, some notes on the language situation of the Philippines prior to American colonization are given so as to better understand the transplantation of English in the Philippines and, subsequently, the emergence of a local English, PhE. 2.2 Schneider’s Dynamic Model of the Evolution of Postcolonial Englishes Schneider’s conception of the development of postcolonial Englishes was first presented in a 2003 article and elaborated in a 2007 book. His model is so influential that its importance in understanding world Englishes today cannot be underestimated. He succinctly presents the model he developed in this fashion: (1) In the process of the English language being uprooted and relocated in colonial and postcolonial history, PCEs [postcolonial Englishes] have emerged by undergoing a fundamentally uniform process which can be described as a progression of five characteristic stages: foundation, exonormative stabilization, nativization, endonormative stabilization, and differentiation. (2) The participant groups of this process experience it in complementary ways, from the perspective of the colonizers [/settlers] (STL strand) or that of the colonized [/indigenous] (IDG strand), with these developmental strands getting more closely intertwined and their linguistic correlates, in an ongoing process of mutual linguistic accommodation, approximating each other in the course of time. (3) The stages and strands of this process are ultimately caused by and signify reconstructions of group identities of all participating communities, with respect to the erstwhile source society of the colonizing group, to one another, and to the land which they jointly inhabit.