456 Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences (SAJB) ISSN 2321-6883 (Online) Sch. Acad. J. Biosci., 2015; 3(5):456-463 ISSN 2347-9515 (Print) ©Scholars Academic and Scientific Publisher (An International Publisher for Academic and Scientific Resources) www.saspublisher.com Research Article Sensitivity profile of microorganisms causing urinary tract infection in humans in the city of Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil Paula Novato Gondim 1 ; Stela Márcia Pereira 2 ; Luciano José Pereira 2 ; Eric Francelino Andrade 1* ; Ticiana Meireles Sousa 1 ; Joziana Muniz De Paiva Barçante 2 ; Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo 1 1 Federal University of Lavras, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Campus Universitário, Mail Box 3037.Zip Code 37200-000.Lavras - Minas Gerais, Brazil. 2 Federal University of Lavras, Department of Health Sciences, Campus Universitário, Mail Box 3037. Zip Code 37200- 000.Lavras - Minas Gerais, Brazil. *Corresponding author Francelino Andrade Email: ericfrancelinoandrade@gmail.com Abstract: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) have high prevalence and incidence. We evaluate the profile of microorganisms that cause UTIs in patients seenPublic Laboratory of Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil, from January, 2011 to May, 2012. Besides, we evaluate possible cyclical variations and tendencies, as well as sensitivity of the microorganisms to different antibiotics. It was used secondary data from the “Sonner” Computer System that’s assistsof the Brazilian Public Health System - SUS (DATASUS – SUS “Sistema Único de Saúde”). Two thousand one hundred thirty-five routine urinalysis, followed by urine culture and antibiogram, were analyzed, with 483 positive results. Most of the samples were from women (88%). The majority of patients had 60 years old or older. Gram-negative bacteria found were Escherichia coli, Proteus sp, Klebsiella sp, Enterobacter sp and Pseudomonas sp, where as gram-positive Staphylococcus sp and Streptococcus sp. E. colishowed the highest prevalence (77.3%). Antibiotics that showed greater efficacy against gram-negative bacteria were amikacin and ceftriaxone, and these microorganisms were more resistant totrimethoprim/sufametoxazol. Gram-positive bacteria showed sensitivity to chloramphenicol and rifampicin and greater resistance tooxacillin. It could be observed that most of the urine samples submitted to culture were negative for UTIs. The prevalence of microorganisms causing UTIs can vary among different locations, thusit is important to know the local scenario and maybe change empirical treatment according to each region. Keywords: Infections of the urinary system. Bacterialresistance. Escherichia coli. Urine culture. Antibiogram. Cystitis INTRODUCTION Urinary tract infection (UTI) is defined as the presence and growth of microorganisms, mainly bacteria, in the urine, causing lesions. It can be characterized as symptomatic or asymptomatic [1]. When it affects the lower urinary tract it is known as cystitis or urethritis and when it affects the upper urinary tract it is known as pyelonephritis [2]. In cystitis there is the involvement of the urinary bladder, triggering dysuria, pollakiuria, urgency of urination, sharp pain or burning sensation when the urine is released and macroscopic hematuria when it is hemorrhagic [3]. Urethritis is an inflammation of the urethra, causing dysuria and polyuria. Pyelonephritis is considered the most severe form of UTI, affecting kidneys and may be accompanied by cystitis symptoms and fever [4,5]. The most common UTI etiologic agents are Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter sp, Staphyloccocus sp [4–7]. Treatment is based basically on the use of antibiotics. The sensitivity of a bacteria to an antibiotic means that at suitable doses the microorganism is susceptible to the drug, whereas when bacteria is resistant to an antibiotic, efficacy of the treatment is compromised because the microorganism is not inhibited by the drug. When sensitivity is partial, infection could be resolved depending on the administered concentration, but therapy may also be compromised, thus it should not be the first-choice antibiotic [2]. Urinary tract infection (UTI) consists of frequent affection, comprising the majority of cases seen by the Public Health System. Since many cases of UTIs are initially treated empirically based on the frequency of pathogens, antimicrobial resistance rate location and severity of the disease, the use of inappropriate therapy may result in a complicated infection, it could cause of an increase in the mortality