CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS
VOL. 28, 2012
A publication of
The Italian Association
of Chemical Engineering
Online at: www.aidic.it/cet
Guest Editor: Carlo Merli
Copyright © 2012, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l.,
ISBN 978-88-95608-19-8; ISSN 1974-9791
Remediation of a Heavy Metals Contaminated Site with a
Botanical Garden: Monitoring Results of the Application of
an Advanced S/S Technique
Petra Scanferla*
a
, Antonio Marcomini
b
, Roberto Pellay
c
, Pierandrea Girotto
c
,
Dino Zavan
c
, Maurizio Fabris
c
, Amilcare Collina
d
a
Consorzio Venezia Ricerche, via della Libertà 12, Marghera-Venice
b
Dept. of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca’ Foscari, Dorsoduro 3246, Venice
c
Mapintec srl, via Romea 8, Mira-Venice
d
Mapei SpA, via Cafiero 22, Milan
sp.cvr@vegapark.ve.it
An innovative stabilization/solidification (S/S) technology called HPSS has been applied for the first
time in a very delicate environment with a historical botanic garden in Venice for the remediation of a
soil contaminated by heavy metals (As, Cu, Hg, Pb, Sb, Sn). This S/S technique, based on the High
Performance Concrete (HPC) know-how (Scanferla et al., 2009), has been already successfully
applied for the reconversion of different industrial contaminated sites into residential ones. The
technology allows the remediation of contaminated soil fine fraction which is transformed into a very
dense, low porous and mechanically-resistant granular material with the environmental characteristics
for its reuse as filler in direct contact with the roots of the vegetal patrimony. More than 8,000 m
3
of
contaminated soil fine fraction has been treated and monitored throughout 34 representative samples.
Metal leachability was verified according to a leaching test method for granular waste (EN 12457-2,
2002) in which the demineralized water has been replaced with artificial sea water in accordance to
Local Environmental Agency requirement. The mechanical properties were measured according to Los
Angeles (LA) test method (BS EN 1097-2, 2010) for construction aggregates obtaining very good
results in toughness and abrasion resistance. The granular material has been used tout court under the
final floor layer in transit way and mixed with compost and soil in green areas also beside the
rhizosphere horizon.
1. Introduction
Soils are the major sink for heavy metals released into the environment by many different
anthropogenic activities and unlike organic contaminants which are oxidized to carbon oxide by
microbial action or other type of natural attenuation, most metals do not undergo microbial or chemical
degradation and their total concentration in soils persists for a long time after their introduction such as
in the case of different filling material used in the past for the land raising of same part of Venice. The
adequate protection and restoration of soil ecosystems contaminated by heavy metals require their
remediation in relation to the risks and hazards posed by these contaminants to humans and the
ecosystem (Wuana and Okieimen, 2011), even if the contamination takes its origin long time ago.
Immobilization, soil washing, and phytoremediation techniques are frequently listed among the best
demonstrated available technologies (BDATs) for remediation of heavy metal-contaminated sites.
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