ARTICLE IN PRESS JID: JARAP [m5G;December 18, 2018;19:14] Annual Reviews in Control xxx (xxxx) xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Annual Reviews in Control journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/arcontrol Review article A comprehensive survey on control strategies of distributed generation power systems under normal and abnormal conditions Mehmet Emin Meral, Do ˘ gan Çelík ∗ Van Yuzuncu Yıl University, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Van, Turkey a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 1 November 2018 Accepted 28 November 2018 Available online xxx Keywords: Renewable energy sources Distributed generation Control methods Phase locked loop Positive-negative sequences a b s t r a c t High energy demand, low cost requirements and higher reliability requirements increase the importance of distributed generation power systems (DGPSs). The large capacity DGPSs requires high performance control algorithms and synchronization techniques based positive-negative sequence (PNS) extractors to fulfil system reliability and power quality requirements under not only during normal operating condi- tions, but also under unbalanced grid conditions. The power quality problems caused by voltage unbal- ances, voltage sag/swell, voltage fluctuations, phase faults and harmonic distortions have critical influ- ences on control of power converter devices interfaced DGPSs. In literature studies, novel control strate- gies with phase locked loops (PLLs) techniques based PNS extractors are used to overcome these prob- lems. In this paper, a comprehensive review on various advanced control strategies and PNS extractors for interlinking three phase inverter in the DGPSs are comprehensively investigated and discussed under normal and abnormal conditions. Several PNS extractors have been overviewed to produce the sequences components required for reference current generation (RCG). The theoretical assessment of the RCG based flexible control strategies and overcurrent limitation control are also comprehensively analysed, surveyed and compared in detail to deal with power quality problems. Comparative analyses for PNS extractors, voltage/current regulation controllers and RCG based control strategies have been detailed presented and analysed. The presented detailed overview can be useful to researchers studying impact of normal and abnormal conditions on various control strategies with or without any using PLLs based PNS extractors for three-phase inverters interfaced DGPSs. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.1. Motivation in DG technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.2. Literature review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.3. Contributions and paper organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2. The impact of grid disturbances on DGPS sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.1. Solar cell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.2. Fuel cell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.3. Wind turbine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3. The PNS extractors and synchronization units of DGPSs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.1. The traditional PLL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.2. Enhanced PLL based PNS extractor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.3. Dual second order generalized integrator based PNS extractor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.4. Moving average filter based PNS extractor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.5. The decoupled double synchronous reference based PNS extractor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4.6. Multivariable filter based PNS extractor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 4.7. Multiple complex-coefficients based PNS extractor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 ∗ Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: emeral@yyu.edu.tr (M.E. Meral), dogancelik@yyu.edu.tr (D. Çelík). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcontrol.2018.11.003 1367-5788/© 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Please cite this article as: M.E. Meral and D. Çelík, A comprehensive survey on control strategies of distributed generation power systems under normal and abnormal conditions, Annual Reviews in Control, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcontrol.2018.11.003