Int J Environ Sci Nat Res 21(5): IJESNR.MS.ID.556075 (2019)
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Introduction
All living organisms, human beings inclusive depend on the
environment in which they exist Great significance to human and
other life forms are attached to the environment. Anything that
disrupts, damage or degrade the environment tends to disrupt
the very survival of humanity and other life forms. Environment
is a habitat for different forms of organisms and a source of food to
humanity. It is a source of all manner of resources that humanity
depends on. Despite the positive impacts that accrue from
universities such as job creation, promotion of socio-economic
development among others, their establishment leads to land
use/land cover changes which cause negative impacts on the
environment. Clearance of vegetation and subsequent exposure
makes land susceptible to agents of erosion and also interferes
with water cycle. Also, vegetation cover plays an important
ecological role of recharging the atmospheric moisture which
is easily compromised human development initiatives such as
university establishment. In built environments, constructed
pavements hinder the infiltration of water into the soil hence
interfere with ground water recharge. Major implications such
as over withdrawal of underground water is also evidenced
as an impact of university established due to increased water
demand. Haphazard developments in the immediate university
neighbourhoods has often created slums development which
is characterized by poor waste management. Rongo University
is one of the universities established in upcoming urban with a
transition from rural area. Its environmental impacts are evident
in Kitere and its environs where it is situated. It has attracted
informal settlements characterized by different structures
which are being modified to suit different purposes. Similarly,
Abstract
In the last two decades, there has been considerable increase in the establishment of both public and private universities. The expansion
has been across the different geographical regions as well as demographically. The increase in the number of universities has resulted in
environmental challenges in terms of land use and land cover changes in the areas where they are established owing to increased human
settlement, infrastructure development, among other necessities. In most cases informal settlements/ slums have been created as a result of
influx of people for various reasons such as employment, businesses and student’s accommodation. Rongo University which was established eight
years ago has seen rapid increase in human population and development of infrastructure among others whose environmental impacts are yet to
be investigated and quantifies. Therefore, the study sought to investigate how establishment of Rongo University has contributed to land use and
land cover change in Rongo Sub-county, Migori County, Kenya with particular focus in North Kanyajuok Sub-Location where the main campus is
situated. Both primary and secondary data were used for the study. Supervised classification was used to analyze land-use/cover change date
generated from GIS and remote sensing which facilitated defining of the training data set/signature that indicated the pixels to be selected and
the type of software to be used for land-cover categories. Basing on the results of this study, it has been established that significant land use
and land cover changes have taken place which negatively impacted the environment where the university is established. The study has cited
increased human settlement and related developments such as infrastructure development in Rongo Sub-County to have made the area highly
vulnerable to environmental degradation as a result of modification of natural landscape and ecology to built environment. Decline of indigenous
biodiversity during and after establishing the university as well as increased pollution have been reported as causal factors for environmental
degradation. Further, developments associated with university establishment has led to overexploitation of natural resources, reduction in the
quality and quantity of water, biodiversity and atmospheric air conditions. In the prevailing circumstances, the study recommends adherence to
sustainable environmental planning, including land use, waste and pollution management, among other environmental conservation practices.
Keywords: Rongo university; Establishment; Land use; Land cover; Changes, Kenya
How University Establishment Influence Land
Use and Land Cover Changes in Kenya: A Case of
Rongo University, Migori County, Kenya
Research Article
Volume 21 Issue 5 - October 2019
DOI: 10.19080/IJESNR.2019.21.556075
Int J Environ Sci Nat Res
Copyright © All rights are reserved by George Ouma Ochola
George Ouma Ochola*, JB Okeyo Owuor and Daniel Odinde Nyamai
George Ouma Ochola*, JB Okeyo Owuor and Daniel Odinde Nyamai
Submission: September 09, 2019; Published: October 09, 2019
*Corresponding author: George Ouma Ochola, Department of Agronomy and Environmental Studies, Rongo University, P.O. Box 103-40404 Rongo,
Kenya