9 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 F. S. Gontijo et al., Queer Natives in Latin America, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59133-5_2 Chapter 2 Mesoamerica Invasion Colonization of America that we could rename the invasion of Pachamama starts in the Caribbean sea, with the arrival of Columbus feet in 1492. The colonization history is recorded by chronicles written by captains and sailors that report what they did experience as the cultural difference from the start of the colonization period. Many of those reports fantasize on the cultural differences, some emphasize accusations that come from an Iberian conception of enemy calling the indigenous “sodomites” and the ones who commit the “nefarious sin,” the same vocabulary used to accuse in Spain and Portugal to the just defeated Muslims, as Olivier explains: The conquest of America can be considered as an extension of the Spanish “reconquest”. In the place of the Muslim enemy, often accused of homosexuality, the Indians of the New World were naturally placed, they will receive the same accusations. The practice of “nefar- ious sin” is one of the arguments put forward by Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda in his treatise on “the just causes of the war against the gods”. The destruction of the people of Sodom and Gomorrah was not only lawful but was also carried out for the good of the inhabitants. The millenarian hopes that presided over the spiritual conquest of the New World are well known. In this context, the religious emphasize the “positive” aspects of the pre-Columbian customs that can serve as a basis for the creation of a future indigenous Christianity. (Olivier 2010, p. 59, our translation) 1 1 In the original in Spanish: La conquista de América puede considerar-se como una prolongación de la “reconquista” española. En lugar del enemigo musulmán, frecuentemente acusado de homo- sexualidad, se puso naturalmente a los indios del Nuevo Mundo, que recibirán. Las mismas acusacio- nes. 10. La práctica del “pecado nefando” consti- tuye uno de los argumentos esgrimidos por Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda en su tratado sobre “las justas causas de la guerra contra los in- dios”. La destrucción del pueblo de Sodoma y Gomorra no sólo fue lícita, sino que se realizó paraelbi- endesushabitantes. 11 Sesabedelas esperanzas milenaristas que presidieron la conquistaespiritual- delNuevoMundo.Eneste contexto los religiosos destacan los aspectos “positivos” de las costumbres precolombinas que pueden servir de base para la creación de una futura cristiandad indígena.”