421 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
A. Abdelgawad et al. (eds.), Pediatric Orthopedics and Sports Medicine,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48138-4_22
Neuromuscular Conditions
Amr Abdelgawad and Marwa Abdou
Introduction
• Children can suffer from different neurological conditions that can affect their
musculoskeletal system.
• These conditions are best treated by multidisciplinary approach which includes
pediatricians, pediatric orthopedics, physiatrists, neurologists or neurosurgeons,
and possibly urologists.
Cerebral Palsy
Definition
• Non-progressive (static) injury to the growing brain. This injury must result in
postural or movement disorder.
• The insult has to occur early in the development of the child’s brain (prenatal,
perinatal or early post-natal).
• Despite that the injury to the brain is non-progressive, the musculoskeletal mani-
festation of cerebral palsy may progress with time.
A. Abdelgawad (*)
Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
M. Abdou
Department of Pediatrics, NYC Health + Hospitals/Kings County, Brooklyn, NY, USA
22