Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com Abbreviations: ELISA, enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay; FA, fuorecente angiography; IL, interleukin; MDA, malondialdehyde; ND, non-diabetic; RP, retinopathy; T2DM, type 2diabetes mellitus; TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances Introduction Retinopathy (RP) is a microvascular complication induced by diabetes and hypertension. Its onset and progression are associated with chronic hyperglycemia and dysregulated arterial hypertension. In microvascular abnormality, it is observed increased oxidative stress and elevated infammatory cytokines in the eyes. Diabetic retinopathy is triggered by hyperglycemia of diabetes, however, while in nondiabetic individuals, retinopathy can be triggered by chronic arterial hypertension inducing abnormality in arteriolar retina circulation leading to hypertensive retinopathy. Chronic and noncontrolled hypertension leads to a pathological hypertensive retinopathy and microalbuminuria, 1 both, diabetic and hypertensive retinopathies constitute infammatory processes and culminating with blindness. Some biomarkers of infammation are altered in aqueous humor and serum. It is reported that in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with retinopathy, VEGF and IL-6 were similar in plasma but increased in aqueous humor. 2 Superoxide is high in the retinas of diabetic rats and retinal cells incubated in high-glucose media. 3,4 Reports have been suggested that oxidative stress mediate several diabetic complications, including retinopathy. Chan & Zhu et al, 5,6 in a review and meta-analysis study observed a signifcant association between gestational hypertensive disorders and development of retinopathy of prematurity. High serum level of uric acid correlated with the presence of hypertensive retinopathy, 7 stroke, diastolic dysfunction and renal abnormality. 8‒11 In spite of several studies on diabetic retinopathy, there are few reports in the literature comparing diabetic and hypertensive retinopathy. We aimed to study the level of a biomarker of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde) and to evaluate cytokines from infammasome (IL-1β) or activation of NF- κB (IL-6) in T2DM with either hypertensive or diabetic. Materials and methods Study population The Ethical Committee from Santa Casa Hospital of Belo Horizonte – Brazil approved this study, and the informed consent was obtained from all participants. Patients suffering from T2DM (diagnosed according to the criteria of the American Diabetes Association) were diagnosed by Endocrinology service of Santa Casa Hospital. Participants were recruited at the Ophthalmology Center of the Santa Casa Hospital, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Volunteers were within the age range of 30–80years and included individuals presenting T2DM as well as healthy individuals with or without retinopathy. Diabetic and hypertensive retinopathy was diagnosed by Dr. Rafael Agostini, using Fluorescence angiography (FA), Canon CF-1 Retinal Camera. Before the study, all volunteers were submitted to full physical examinations, and detailed evaluations of medical histories and laboratory data were carried out. Subjects presenting dementia, infammation, infection or malignant disease were excluded from the study, as were pregnant women and individuals with alcohol or tobacco dependency. The studied population comprised four groups for studying, 25 healthy controls, non-diabetic without retinopathy (ND); 26 T2DM patients without retinopathy (T2DM); 41patients with hypertensive retinopathy (ND with RP); 41patients with diabetic retinopathy (T2DM with RP). Diabetic patients were taking medications such as statins, beta-blockers, besides hypoglycaemic. Patients with hypertensive retinopathy were taking anti-hypertension medications. Blood collection Peripheral venous blood samples were collected in patients by venipuncture technique using vacutainer tubes without anticoagulant to obtain blood serum. The tubes were placed in the refrigerator for 8hours for clot retraction and then centrifuged. Serum samples were separated and stored at -80°C until required for analysis. Endocrinol Metab Int J. 2017;5(6):343‒345. 343 ©2017 Drumond et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and build upon your work non-commercially. Increased of serum IL-1β and MDA in diabetic and hypertensive retinopathies Volume 5 Issue 6 - 2017 Helder Costa Drumond, Caroline Maria Oliveira Volpe, Rafael Mourão Agostini, José Augusto Nogueira-Machado Núcleo de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa, Hospital Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Brazil Correspondence: José Augusto Nogueira-Machado, Núcleo de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa, Hospital Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Rua Domingos Vieira 590, Santa Efgênia, 30150-240, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, Tel 55 31 32388838, Email Received: November 09, 2017 | Published: December 6, 2017 Abstract Hyperglycemia of diabetes and hypertension are associated with vascular complications leading to retina lesion. Both conditions lead to blindness, and the infammation and oxidative stress have a pivotal role in the pathological consequences. We aimed to compare biomarkers of infammation in both kinds of retinopathy. Biomarker of oxidative stress, malondialdehyde (MDA), and proinfammatory cytokines, IL-1β and IL-6, were evaluated comparatively. MDA was quantifed using the TBARS assay, and the levels of cytokines were measured using ELISA. The results showed that diabetic and hypertensive retinopathy increase serum MDA and IL-1β in comparison to healthy control. However, the levels of IL- 1β and MDA observed in diabetic retinopathy were comparable to that seen in hypertensive pathology in the eye. The concentration of IL-6 was not changed when patients with retinopathy (diabetic or hypertensive) were compared with healthy control. Patients with or without diabetic retinopathy showed similar results about MDA levels. These data suggest that MDA and IL-1β showed a systemic response and both could be used as biomarkers of infammation in eyes and as a follow-up for therapeutic control. Keywords: retinopathy, diabetes, hypertension, Il-1β, IL-6, cytokines, infammation Endocrinology & Metabolism International Journal Research Article Open Access