International Journal of Pharma Sciences and Scientifc Research An Open Access Journal Volume 2 Issue 6, December 2016 Muhammad Torequl Islam, IJPSR 2016, 2:6 International Journal of Pharma Sciences and Scientifc Research Underlying side efects of cafeine Research Article Open Access * Corresponding Author: Muhammad Torequl Islam, Department of Pharmacy, Southern University Bangladesh, Mehedibag (Chittagong)-4000, Bangladesh. & Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piaui (UFPI), Teresina (PI)-64.049-550, Brazil. Email: mti031124@gmail.com. Citation: Muhammad Torequl Islam, (2016). Underlying side efects of cafeine. Int J Pharm Sci & Scient Res.2:6, 253-257 Copyright: © Muhammad Torequl Islam, This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. ABSTRACT The popular drink, cofee is in great attention due to its promising pharmacological efects. Cafeine (CFE), the known cofee constituent is mainly known for its prominent psychoactive efect on the central nervous system. It has antioxidant, anti-infammatory, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, neuro-, lung-, cardiac-, hepato-, reproductive system protective, antidiabetic, anticancer, bone formation and so forth important biological efects. However, CFE is evident to produce a number of side efects in human and other animals. This writing aims at sketching a current underlying toxicological scenario of CFE in human and other animals. Findings suggest that CFE’s toxicological impacts are plugged in its dose as well as age, sex, and pathophysiology of the patients. More precautions are needed during pregnancy, those who are planning to be pregnant, lactating women, children, and adolescents, patients with hepatic and cardiovascular complications. Additionally, CFE has toxicological efects on the reproductive system and birth weight. In conclusion, more researches are appreciated to set safe dosages of CFE in groups of consumer. ISSN 2471-6782 253 INTRODUCTION It is noteworthy that, cofee is a popular drink nowadays, as people throughout the world are starting and fnishing their days with cups of cofee. The biological source of cofee is the Cofea arabica (Family- Rubiaceae), cultivated in many countries. Cofee started its journey at least 1200 years ago in Ethiopia, then followed by Yemeni Suf monasteries in the Middle East and northern Africa, Middle East, Europe, America and so on (Wolf et al., 2008). Cafeine (1,3,7-trimethyl xanthine) (C 8 H 10 N 4 O 2 ; CFE), the natural alkaloid is the well-known component of cofee. This psychoactive ingredient was isolated in 1820 (Frary et al., 2005) from the cofee beans and now being used in a number of food and drinks. More than 60 plants of which cocoa beans, kola nuts, tea leaves and cofee beans are the most well-known sources of CFE. Other natural sources of CFE include yerba maté, guarana berries, guayusa, and the yaupon holly. Not only the cofee but also tea, soft and energy drinks, chocolate products, medications (e. g.- headache treatments, painkillers, over-the-counter stimulants) and few dietary supplements are the main sources of CFE. Observed CFE in some marked products are: chocolates (1-120 mg), energy drinks (33-400 mg), carbonated beverages (22-69 mg), alcoholic beverages (3-9 mg), fast foods (1-49 mg), cafeinated waters (42-125 mg), cafeinated soft drinks (30-48 mg), decafeinated cofee (1-5 mg), espresso (50-150), tea bag (2-130 mg), brewed/ percolated, decafeinated (3-12 mg), instant and regular drip (30- 330 mg). Although, CFE has been proven for a number of important biological activities, but it has toxicological impacts also (Ashton, 1987; Islam et al., 2016). This writing aims at sketching only the toxicological status of CFE. 2 Toxicological efects of cafeine (CFE) 2.1 Mechanisms invonved In a wakeful state, over time adenosine accumulates in the neuronal synapse, binds and causes activation of the adenosine receptors (especially A1, A2A, A2B, and A3) in CNS neurons and produce a drowsiness efect. Having both water- and lipid-solubility, CFE readily crosses the blood–brain barrier (Fisone et al., 2004) and placenta barrier (Mejia et al., 2014). CFE prevents adenosine Muhammad Torequl Islam * * Department of Pharmacy, Southern University Bangladesh, Mehedibag (Chittagong)-4000, Bangladesh. * Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piaui (UFPI), Teresina (PI)-64.049-550, Brazil. Received December 18, 2016; Accepted December 21, 2016; Published December 30, 2016 Keywords: cafeine; psychoactive; toxicity.