681
Binational Vital Signs: A Quality of Life
Indicator Program for the San Diego–Tijuana
Metropolitan Region
1
Celeste Murphy-Greene
San Diego State University
John Blair
University of New South Wales
Abstract
This is a study of a binational community indicator program for the San Diego–Tijuana metropolitan
area (SDTMA). The key objective of the research was to produce a citizen-generated community indi-
cator program (CIP). The study is closely based on the work of the two focus groups held in the two
cities and offers a small program that has immediate practical potential for implementation. The program
consists of a suite of thirty-five indicators for which data has been identified and provided. Fifteen of
the indicators apply to Tijuana, twenty to San Diego. The program is built around principles of com-
munity well-being or quality of life (QOL). It is the first subregional attempt at the scale of the United
States-Mexico Bi-National Region (BNR) to integrate existing environmental, social, and economic
data into a single coherent program to inform community leaders about the condition of the SDTMA.
The region covered by the CIP generally consists of the urbanized core of metropolitan Tijuana, the city
of San Diego, and associated cities like Chula Vista and El Cajon within the southern part of San Diego
County.
Indicators are quantitative or qualitative information presented in a formalized
way. They facilitate assessment of the past, current, or future condition of a system
(Hodge, 1996). There is nothing new about indicators—they have been used for
decades to inform, enlighten, and support policy change. Gross national product,
cost of living, and employment statistics are three of the more common national
indicators used in many countries. What is innovative is how suites of indicators
are used in programs to monitor global, national, and community condition. As a
result of the Rio Declaration and commitments to Agenda 21 (United Nations Con-
ference on Environment and Development, 1993) several European countries,
Canada, and Japan are using sets of indicators at a national scale. Efforts to monitor
global conditions have existed for several years, too. The United Nations (UN)
coordinates the measurement of problems like greenhouse gas accumulation and
ozone depletion; constructs macro-indicators that describe “North” and “South”
processes; and has assembled the human development index (HDI) (Henderson,
1994), which aggregates a number of separate indicators into a composite measure.
Private organizations like The Economist (London) and The Worldwatch Institute
are also important producers of global indicators and data.
At the other end of the scale, there has been a proliferation of city-based indi-
cator programs. More than two hundred communities around the United States
are using suites of indicators in community indicator programs (CIPs) in an attempt
to monitor economic and environmental trends and social well-being (Atkinson &
Hamilton, 1996; Besleme and Mullin, 1997; Innes & Booher, 1999; Redefining
Progress, 1997). The first indicator program in United States in was created in
Review of Policy Research, Volume 21, Number 5 (2004)
© 2004 by The Policy Studies Association. All rights reserved.