International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology, 2021 Vol. 6, Issue 1, ISSN No. 2455-2143, Pages 190-194 Published Online May 2021 in IJEAST (http://www.ijeast.com) 190 A REVIEW REPORT ON NANOMEDICINE AND DIABETES Nandakumar Ravichandran Department of Biomedical Engineering PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, Chennai Abstract— Nanomedicine is a branch of science that combines medicine and nanotechnology for diagnosing, sensing, delivery, and treatment purposes. It improves the ability to target specific cells and tissues. Their features such as biocompatibility, increased retention and reactivity, and low cytotoxicity make them find their application in the field of Diabetic therapy. A methodology on treating diabetes using medical nanotechnology is proposed in this paper and the methodology is yet to be tested. Keywords— Diabetes, stem cell, nanocapsule, nanosensor, nanogripper, beta cell, nanomedicine I. INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus (Diabetes) is the seventh leading cause of death globally. Between 2000 and 2016, premature mortality from diabetes has increased by five percent. In 2019, an estimated 1.5 million deaths were caused by diabetes. And today, in this 21st century, Nanotechnology based Stem Cell Therapy which is an application of Nanomedicine acts as a promising cure for diabetes. This is due to the inert, biocompatibility nature of the selected nanomaterial and potential of the stem cell to develop into a tissue/organ. In this paper, we will discuss Nanotechnology based Stem Cell Therapy, recent advancements, researches, and future works in this field. II. NOMENCLATURE A. Nanomedicine – Nanomedicine refers to the applications of nanomaterials in medicine. It is preferred due to its grain size. Small amount of drug volume is enough to treat and there is an increase in the drug target specificity. They stay in the body for a long time and provide sufficient response. Imaging applications involve MRI, ultrasound, etc. Sensing applications involve biosensors to detect cancers such as breast cancer and also used to detect the genetic sequence of living beings. Delivery applications in treatment involve abraxane for cancer patients, cabenuva for HIV-1 patients, etc. Suping Li et al. 1 , constructed an autonomous DNA robot programmed to transport payloads and present them specifically in tumors, where the intravenously injected DNA nanorobots induce thrombin at the tumor site, inhibiting tumor growth and resulting in tumor necrosis. Fig. 1. Applications of Nanomedicine B. Stem cell – Stem cell is the type of cell which can develop into specialized cell types, ranging from muscle cells to brain cells. There are different types of stem cells – embryonic stem cells, cord stem cells and adult stem cells. Embryonic stem cells and Cord stem cells are pluripotent – can develop into any specialized types of cells. Adult stem cells are multipotent – can develop into specific types of cells. The next generation of stem cells is human induced pluripotent stem cells which are derived from adult human skin. Some of the advances in research include Haemopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (E.B. Austin et al. 2 ), Assisted Reproductive Technologies such as Mitochondrial Replacement Technique (Yeonmi Lee et al. 3 ), wound healing (J. Michael Sorrell et al. 4 ), etc.