Corresponding Author: Noorul Huda Sahari, Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA,
40450 Shah Alam, Malaysia. Email: nooru088@uitm.edu.my
20
International Journal of Business and Management 6 (1): 20-26, 2022
e-ISSN: 2590-3721
© RMP Publications, 2022
DOI: 10.26666/rmp.ijbm.2022.1.4
Facilitating the Division of Matrimonial Property (Harta Sepencarian)
through Hibah in Malaysian Shariah Court
Noorul Huda Sahari, Siti Khadijah Ab Manan, Rafeah Saidon, Amal Hayati Ishak
Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA,
40450 Shah Alam, Malaysia
Abstract: Distribution of matrimonial assets or assets between spouses is often associated with unfairness to one of the
parties, especially to the non-working wife. This is due to the fact that the current provision on the distribution of
matrimonial assets emphasizes the contribution of the parties involved as the sole criteria in determining the proportion
of their share. Though the law has not been amended to address this issue, it is observed that a transfer of ownership
through hibah for the benefit of family members during marriage provides an alternative to the fairer distribution of
matrimonial assets. Therefore, this study is undertaken to examine the applicability of hibah in dividing the assets
through court practices. For that purpose, the study adopts a qualitative method which involves an analysis of unreported
cases within the time frame of 2000-2012 collected from six zones representing Syariah Courts in Malaysia where
analysis is made based on several variables such as types of matrimonial property, factors for consideration and
proportion of distribution of the assets. Based on that sampling it has been discovered that the application of hibah in
the division of matrimonial assets in the majority of cases is practically settled by way of sulh (amicable settlement).
Ownership transfer of matrimonial assets especially through hibah could possibly serve in the best interest of the
children and their needs as well as providing adequate security for the spouse. This has been successfully practiced in
a polygamous marriage where a study shows that one party (husbands) are in fact more generous in dividing the assets,
especially when dealing with the interests of their children. There were also cases where the husband was willing to
transfer all assets to the existing wife which is rarely achieved in another litigation process. Thus, this study suggests
that the hibah mechanism could be upgraded as law and to be widely practiced when dealing with the division of
matrimonial assets.
Key words: Division, Hibah, Harta sepencarian, Malaysia Shariah Court
INTRODUCTION
Matrimonial assets or harta sepencarian
generally refer to any property acquired during a
marriage. Under Islamic Family Law Acts and
Enactments, it is defined in the interpretation
section. According to Section 2 of the Islamic
Family Enactment (Selangor), 2003, (hereinafter
referred to as the Islamic Family Law), harta
sepencarian is interpreted as property jointly
acquired by husband and wife during their
subsistence of marriage according to Hukum
Syarak. Section 122 of the same Act. It provides a
specific provision on the division of matrimonial
assets or harta sepencarian in Selangor. The
provision requires the court to consider the
contribution of all parties in acquiring the assets,
interests of minor children, and debt of spouse in
determining the share. The law and practice of
division of matrimonial assets in the Shariah court
emphasize the contribution of parties as to the sole
criteria in determining the proportion of shares in the
acquisition of assets. It is noted that the provision
relating to the distribution of matrimonial assets in
Malaysian Shariah Courts is considered unpractical
and does not complement the actual mode of
division of assets which is solely based on the
contribution of said parties. The provision should
focus on distributing the assets on a fair and
equitable basis and should address the holistic needs
of all parties involved. Though the law has not been
amended to address the issue, it is observed that a
transfer of ownership through hibah for the benefits
of family members during marriage provides an
alternative to a fairer distribution of matrimonial
assets. In order to protect and safeguard the interest
of the existing wife in regards to the matrimonial
assets from dissipating to the other party, the newly
embodied law empowers the court to divide the
existing matrimonial assets upon the application for
permission of polygamous marriage. The division is
subjected to the principle of division embodied in
section 122 of Islamic Family Law which requires
the court to consider several factors including