Geophysical Research Abstracts
Vol. 13, EGU2011-7077, 2011
EGU General Assembly 2011
© Author(s) 2011
An integrated source-to-sink model simulating sediment flux through a
river system and fluvio-deltaic stratigraphy
Andrea Forzoni, Gerben de Jager, and Joep Storms
Netherlands (a.forzoni@tudelft.nl)
The evolution of fluvio-deltaic and shallow marine sedimentary systems is primarily controlled by eustatic sea
level, tectonics and sediment supply. The first two variables are generally well constrained, but it is very difficult to
reconstruct the amount of sediment transported by rivers over time. Therefore, in order to reconstruct such sediment
flux signal and its variability on geological time scales, a source-to-sink numerical model has been developed.
The model simulates two linked sedimentary environment (floodplain and delta-shelf system) by mimicking sedi-
ment erosion, transport and deposition and the associated stratigraphy on a 2D downslope profile. The 3D spatial
variability of field data and sedimentary processes are collapsed into two dimensions using averaging techniques
parameterized descriptions of sediment transport principles (behavior modeling approach). The model structure is a
coupled version of the existing DELTASIM (Overeem et al., 2003) and two newly developed modules: a floodplain
module and a 1D catchment module CATCHMOD.
CATCHMOD is able to calculate long (>10
3
y) time series of daily fluvial discharge and sediment load values,
both as suspended load and bedload, as a function of climate, tectonics and catchment properties. It applies to
the upstream, erosion-dominated area of a river system. The hydrological and sediment routines are based on
PALEOFLOW (Bogaart et al., 2003) and on the BQART model (Syvitski and Milliman, 2007). Realistic palaeo-
weather conditions are produced using general global circulation models predictions and palaeo-environmental
reconstructions, which are interpolated by using a stochastic weather generator. Regional tectonic activity, derived
from geomorphological and seismological data, is assumed to control the rate of sediment production (changes
in weathering rate) and the transport capacity (changes in relief and slopes). The main catchment properties are
calculated based on a digital elevation model. CATCHMOD was tested on two present day fluvial systems, the
Meuse and the Po river, and its results matched closely the measured data. Fluvial discharge and sediment load
volumes from CATCHMOD are used as input for the floodplain module, which acts as a transfer/buffer of sediment
from the upstream reaches to the delta. Fluvio-deltaic processes and stratigraphy in a fluvial-dominated delta-shelf
environment are simulated in DELTASIM.
The coupled modules have been applied for both hypothetic and real world scenarios in order to investigate their
response to different climatic conditions, tectonics and sea level changes. The different experiments showed the
ability of the models to reproduce distinct stratigraphic patterns and, in detail, to model the effect of high-magnitude
low-frequency events (floods, storms) in the stratigraphic record. Sediment flux signals are attenuated and shifted
through time by floodplain sediment storage/erosion and by shallow marine reworking. This implies that the exter-
nal forcing on the system can be extracted from stratigraphic data in an inversion scheme (Charvin et al., 2008).
References
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