Universal Journal of Educational Research 8(12): 6706-6714, 2020 http://www.hrpub.org
DOI: 10.13189/ujer.2020.081235
Use of Phono-Graphix™ Method to Improve the
Phonological Awareness Skills of a Student with
Reading Difficulty
Mahlen Bonifacio Antonio
*
, Jennifer Penilla Santillan
Graduate School, Angeles University Foundation, Angeles City, 2009 Pampanga, Philippines
Received August 31, 2020; Revised October 26, 2020; Accepted November 11, 2020
Cite This Paper in the following Citation Styles
(a): [1] Mahlen Bonifacio Antonio, Jennifer Penilla Santillan , "Use of Phono-Graphix™ Method to Improve the
Phonological Awareness Skills of a Student with Reading Difficulty," Universal Journal of Educational Research, Vol. 8,
No. 12, pp. 6706 - 6714, 2020. DOI: 10.13189/ujer.2020.081235.
(b): Mahlen Bonifacio Antonio, Jennifer Penilla Santillan (2020). Use of Phono-Graphix™ Method to Improve the
Phonological Awareness Skills of a Student with Reading Difficulty. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(12),
6706 - 6714. DOI: 10.13189/ujer.2020.081235.
Copyright©2020 by authors, all rights reserved. Authors agree that this article remains permanently open access under
the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License
Abstract Reading is a reliable predictor for students to
succeed and become productive members of society and
phonological awareness (PA) has been identified as a
strong indicator of becoming a skilled reader. It has to be
understood that reading is not a natural skill and may not
develop without intervention. Students experiencing
reading difficulty should be provided intervention that
recognizes PA as the basic skill to be gained. The purpose
of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of Phono
Graphix™ method with a 6-year-old student diagnosed
with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and
reading difficulties. This study used a single-subject design
with a pre-test and post-test comparison and no control
group. The principle of this design is that any changes upon
the outset of intervention can be attributed as the direct
result of intervention. Using four Phonological Processing
Tests [21], the phonological awareness skills of the student
were assessed prior and immediately after the intervention.
Explicit instruction was delivered one-to-one for 40-
minute sessions given three times a week for a 20-week
period [26]. Findings suggest that the use of
Phono-Graphix™ method improved the phonological
awareness of the student in blending, segmenting,
phoneme manipulation, and code knowledge. Findings of
this study can add Phono-Graphix™ to the repertoire of
strategies of special education practitioners, particularly
when teaching students exhibiting the same characteristics
as the participant herein. Results and implications for
special education, teaching of reading and future
researches are discussed.
Keywords Phono-Graphix™, Reading Difficulty,
Phonological Awareness
1. Introduction/Background
Learning to read is the most important skill that a child
can acquire during his/her school years. It is a fundamental
and necessary skill and gateway to success in today’s
literacy-driven society [8,9,19]. “Children must learn to
read so that later they can read to learn” (p. 396) [9].
Researchers are in accord in asserting that reading is the
foundation of a child’s life-long education [43] and it is the
means to learn other school subjects [24]. Although these
statements are valid and correct, they are too general, too
nifty and do not actually depict the real pictures associated
with the ability or inability to read. What learning to read
will do is to allow the child to acquire the information that
others have written down, to share his/her own experiences
and opinions, and to put his/her questions and ideas on
paper [21]. Reading will offer the child hours of enjoyment
and, as reported in the recent research, decrease the
likelihood of anti-social behavior, unskilled employment
and unemployment [29]. Children’s ability to read