Thomas Bremer, which resulted from a Berlin conference in 2001. These authors also stress the need for Western scholars to be fully acquainted with the origins and devel- opment of each individual Ukrainian church in order to understand its particular contri- bution to the task of forging religious and political identity. They also provide a useful multi-lingual bibliography. J. S. Conway University of British Columbia Blair A. Ruble. Creating Diversity Capital: Transnational Migrants in Montreal, Washington, and Kyiv. Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center Press; Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. xvii, 267 pp. $49.00 (cloth); $22.95 (paper). This volume explores the impact of transnational migrant communities on the host societies of the cities of Montreal, Washington, and Kyiv. The author, Blair Ruble, who is the director of the Kennan Institute and co-Chair of the Comparative Urban Studies Project at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, argues that the pres- ence of immigrant communities disrupts long-standing structures of power in metro- politan areas, thereby generating openness toward newcomers. This is what Ruble calls "diversity capital." Diversity capital implies the expansion of capacity to achieve what Richard Stren and Mario Polese call "urban social sustainability" - which requires policies that allow for the integration of diverse groups (Richard Stren and Mario Polese, "Understanding the New Sociocultural Dynamics of Cities: Comparative Urban Policy in a Global Context," in The Social Sustainability of Cities: Diversity and the Management of Change, eds. Richard Stren and Mario Polese [Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000], pp. 3-38). Chapters 2 and 3 of the book focus on the demographic transformations within the three cities which have gone from rather provincial places with long-standing hostility toward outsiders and firm boundaries between linguistic and racial groups to interna- tional metropolises that have a great deal in common with traditional entrepots such as New York. In all three cities, the author argues, borders between ethnic and racial groups have been increasingly blurred by the arrival of waves of immigrants. The au- thor views Montreal with its distinct ethnic politics to be furthest along on the path to- ward becoming a transnational city with diversity capital, followed by Washington, a city built on racial difference, and Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine. In chapters 4, 5, and 6, Ruble recounts the history of the distinct municipal politics of the three urban centers in great detail. He describes, for example, the ethnic squabbles that engendered much of Montreal's twentieth-century history between the francophone and the anglophone segments of the population, the careers of numerous municipal politicians - such as Pi- erre Bourque, Montreal's mayor in the 1990s, and Washington's troubled long-term mayor Marion Barry, Jr. - and the story of how major-league baseball came back to Washington. Interestingly enough, although Ruble is so eager to illuminate the inner workings of municipal politics in Montreal and Washington in the second half of the twentieth century, when dealing with Kyiv he merely perpetuates the Western interpre-