Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 13 (10): 1302-1311, 2013
ISSN 1990-9233
© IDOSI Publications, 2013
DOI: 10.5829/idosi.mejsr.2013.13.10.1157
Corresponding Author: Roya Karami, Department of Professional Development and Continuing Education,
Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Tel: +6 0104281280.
1302
Perceived Supervisor Supports: Contribution to Aspiration,
Mastery and Salience as Three Dimensions of Achievement Motivation
Roya Karami and Maimunah Ismail
Department of Professional Development and Continuing Education,
Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Abstract: This study examines the influence of perceived work and non-work supervisor supports on
aspiration, mastery and salience. Aspiration, mastery and salience are the three dimensions of achievement
motivation. A total of 303 Iranian extension agents were surveyed using a set of structured questionnaire.
The results show that there are sequential relationships among the three dimensions of achievement motivation.
The results also show that perceived supervisor work supports influence employees’ aspiration and mastery,
while, supervisor non-work supports is associated with aspiration and salience. Practical and theoretical
contributions of this study to human resource issues are also discussed.
Key words: Supervisor Supports Aspiration Mastery Salience Behavioral Intention Psychological
Aspect Extension Agents
INTRODUCTION motivation that are direction, effort and persistence.
Over the past decades, studies have confirmed the concur with the above aspects of achievement motivation
positive relationship between supervisor supports and and are in agreement with Farmer [5] who defined
employees’ job outcomes; however the intricacies achievement motivation to include three dimensions of
embedded within the relationship have not been fully aspiration, mastery and salience. Conceptualization of
understood. Psychological aspect is one of the achievement motivation using three dimensions is also
mechanisms that could explain the relationship between supported by London and Noe [6], who discussed the
the supervisors’ and employees’ job outcomes [1, 2]. dimensions of achievement motivation consisting of
One of the employees’ job outcomes is achievement identity, insight and resilience and interpreted them as
motivation. Thus, this study aims: i) to test this parallel with the aspiration, mastery and salience concept
psychological aspect in conceptualizing achievement of Farmer’s studies. Further, London and Noe [6]
motivation; and ii) to investigate the influence of theorized the sequential relationships of aspiration toward
supervisor work and non-work supports on achievement mastery and salience, which is also tested in a study [7]
motivation dimensions that include aspiration, mastery among extension agents and found a significant path.
and salience. Thus, in this research, achievement motivation is
Motivation has been considered to have three conceptualized using the three dimensions that are
psychological functions. First, energizing or activating aspiration, mastery and salience; this is used to test how
behavior, which is a cognitive process that gets aspiration, as the first construct, affects mastery and
individuals engaged in or turned off toward learning; consequently these two constructs affect salience, which
second, directing behavior, defined as a cognitive process is the first objective of this study.
that describes why one course of action is chosen over Aspiration refers to orientations toward a particular
another; third, regulating persistence of behavior, which career goal [8], which significantly influences one’s value,
describes why individuals persist towards goals [3]. norms, beliefs [9], pursuit of a particular career path and
Armstrong [4] likewise discussed three constituents of regarded as a selected goal which is an intention to act in
We believe that these three components of motivation