General Issue ARKIVOC 2011 (i) 111-195 Recent advances on the synthesis of azoles, azines and azepines fused to benzimidazole Kamal M. Dawood, a, * Nehal M. Elwan, a and Bakr F. Abdel-Wahab b a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Cairo, Giza, Egypt b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Khulais Branch, Saudi Arabia E-mail: dr_dawood@yahoo.com Abstract The current review article represents a survey covering the literatures on azoles, azines and azepines fused to the a face of a benzimidazole moiety since 1980. Synthetic routes leading to benzimidazole fused with different ring systems; five-, six-, and seven-membered heterocyclic rings, containing one-, two- and three-heteroatoms were reported utilizing simple reactive benzimidazole synthons Keywords: Benzimidazoles, triheterocycles, synthesis, azoles, azines, azepines Contents 1. Introduction 2. Synthesis of Azolo-fused-benzimidazoles 2.1. Pyrrolobenzimidazoles 2.2. Pyrazolobenzimidazoles 2.3. Imidazobenzimidazoles 2.4. Oxazolobenzimidazoles 2.5. Thiazolobenzimidazoles 2.6. Triazolobenzimidazoles 2.7. Thiadiazolobenzimidazoles 2.8. Oxadiazolobenzimidazoles 3. Synthesis of Azino-fused-benzimidazoles 3.1. Pyridobenzimidazoles 3.2. Pyrimidobenzimidazoles 3.3. Pyrazinobenzimidazoles 3.4. Triazinobenzimidazoles 3.5. Thiazinobenzimidazoles Page 111 © ARKAT-USA, Inc.