63 Ultrasonography in Uterine Torsion: A Futuristic Tool Tarun V. Sutaria 1 *, R.K. Chaudhari 1 and Prajwalita Sutaria 2 1 Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 2 Department of Surgery and Radiology College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar, Gujarat-385 506 ARTICLE INFO Key words: Adhesion, Bufalo, Doppler, Pixel, Uterine Torsion, Ultrasonography doi: 10.48165/aru.2022.1204 ABSTRACT Te uterine torsion is one of the commonest encountered obstetrical ailments in bovine practice, thereby impending the postpartum performance and dairy economics. Te lack of accurate diagnostic procedure for the degree and duration of torsion prevents the planning of appropriate treatment protocol. Furthermore, physical examination is not adequate in uterine torsion, therefore advanced diagnostic tools like ultrasonography could be a powerful tool to assess the prognosis of the clinical case. Te usage of ultrasonography helps to detect uterine adhesions, degenerative changes in uterus and fetal fuid, fetal viability, further color Doppler ultrasound helps to know the uterine vascular perfusions. Te advanced image analysis yields an unbiased interpretation of the sonogram. In the future, the combination of both greyscale ultrasounds with image analysis with the support of Doppler ultrasound may be used to predict the histological changes in the uterine wall. Introduction Bovine production and reproduction are severely affected by several factors including difficulties during pregnancy -gestational disorders- parturition and postpartum events. Amongst these uterine torsion is predominant in causing a major loss to farmers’ economy. The uterine torsion has an impact on the health and profitability of dairy animals (Schonfelder and Hasenclever, 2005). Torsion is defined as the twisting of the uterus on its longitudinal axis, usually occurring in a gravid horn (Schonfelder et al., 2011). The anatomy of the bovine reproductive tract predisposes tor- sion during pregnancy (Roberts 1986; Noakes et al., 2001). Torsion is frequently reported at the end of gestation as a major cause of buffalo dystocia (Mishra et al., 2015). Usually, uterine torsion occurs before the onset or during the late first stage of parturition as the cervix is partially or com- pletely dilated before or immediately after the correction of torsion. The uterine torsion has been reported in vari- ous species like bitch (Brown, 1974), guinea pig (Kunstyr, 1981), doe (Dhaliwal et al., 1986), rabbit (Hobbs and Parker, 1990), llama (Hopkins et al., 1991), camel (Cebra et al., 1997), ewe (Ijaz and Talafha, 1999), cattle (Cergolj et al., 1999), queen (Thilagar et al., 2005), buffalo (Prabhakar et al., 1994; Sutaria et al., 2015), mare (Jung et al., 2008; Sutaria et al., 2014a), and even in human (Jensen, 1992). * Corresponding author. E-mail address: tarun.vets@gmail.com(Tarun V. Sutaria) Received 01.01.2022; Accepted 17.01.2022 Copyright @ Animal Reproduction Update (acspublisher.com/journals/aru) Animal Reproduction Update Review Article www.acspublisher.com Year 2022, Volume-2, Issue-1 (January-June)