Symbolic Interaction, Vol. 32, Issue 2, pp. 91–105, ISSN 0195-6086, electronic ISSN 1533-8665. © 2009 by
the Society for the Study of Symbolic Interaction. All rights reserved. Please direct all requests for permis-
sion to photocopy or reproduce article content through the University of California Press’s Rights and
Permissions website, at http://www.ucpressjournals.com/reprintinfo.asp. DOI: 10.1525/si.2009.32.2.91.
“Mom said we had a money maker”:
Sexualization and Survival Contexts
among Homeless Women
Jennifer K. Wesely
University of North Florida
This study examines the lived experiences of a group of homeless
women, with particular attention to their “sexualization” and how this
frames their interpretations of and responses to their homelessness.
A symbolic interactionist approach locates the social construction of
femininity with its emphasis on sexualized embodiment within larger
structural conditions of gender inequality. The impact of these structural
conditions intersects with homelessness for the participants in this
study. In-depth interviews at a homeless shelter reveal the early sexual-
ization that degraded and violated the women, eroding their self-worth
as young girls and, later, as adults. These circumstances shaped their
gendered fears and vulnerabilities and influenced the context of their
survival.
Keywords: homelessness, women, gender, identity, sexualization,
victimization
In modern feminist thought, patriarchal culture reduces the female body to particu-
lar meanings, including that of sexual object (see Bartky 1990; Bordo 1993; Chapkis
1986; Griffin 1981; Martin 1992). As girls grow up, cultural overemphasis on their
sexualized bodies becomes increasingly integrated into their female identity. It is
often this sexually objectified view of female bodies that garners women the most
attention (Bartky 1990; Chapkis 1986), though the sexy ideal is largely unattainable
despite the time, effort, energy, and money many women devote in service to its
achievement. Scholars including postmodern feminists like Butler (1990) and Har-
away (1991) have complicated or added to these interpretations of female identity,
and point out that individuals can and do negotiate various meanings of the self.
Even so, it is difficult not to internalize, to some degree, the cultural message that
Direct all correspondence to Jennifer K. Wesely, Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice,
University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL 32224; e-mail: jwesely@unf.edu.