Experimental Mechanics (2010) 50:979–992
DOI 10.1007/s11340-009-9306-x
Experimental Evidence of Thermal Effects in Multiphase
Ceramic Specimens Subjected to Cyclic Loading
X. Balandraud · G. Zhou · M. Grédiac ·
N. Tessier-Doyen
Received: 27 February 2009 / Accepted: 29 September 2009 / Published online: 14 October 2009
© Society for Experimental Mechanics 2009
Abstract The aim of this work is to observe and to
analyze various phenomena that exist in a multiphase
ceramic material subjected to cyclic compressive loads.
An infrared camera is used for this purpose. The ma-
terial under study is an andalusite-based low-cement
castable, which exhibits a pre-existing diffused damage
(microcracks and debonded interfaces) before mechan-
ical testing. The temperature variation in the specimen
during the tests is investigated both at a macroscopic
scale and a mesoscopic scale. In the first case, the ma-
terial compaction, the thermoelastic coupling and the
X. Balandraud (B )
Institut Français de Mécanique Avancée,
EA 3867, Laboratoire de Mécanique et Ingénieries,
Clermont Université, BP 10448,
63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
e-mail: xavier.balandraud@ifma.fr
G. Zhou · M. Grédiac (SEM Member)
Université Blaise Pascal, EA 3867,
Laboratoire de Mécanique et Ingénieries,
Clermont Université, BP 10448,
63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
G. Zhou
e-mail: guicheng.zhou@univ-bpclermont.fr
M. Grédiac
e-mail: michel.grediac@univ-bpclermont.fr
N. Tessier-Doyen
Groupe d’Etude des Matériaux Hétérogènes
(GEMH, EA 3178), Ecole Nationale Supérieure
de Céramique Industrielle (ENSCI), 47-73 avenue A.
Thomas, 87065 Limoges cedex, France
e-mail: nicolas.tessier-doyen@unilim.fr
temperature increase due to mechanical dissipation are
clearly evidenced. In the second case, local temperature
variations related to microcracks are observed. The
technique used and the results obtained are described
and discussed in the paper.
Keywords Infrared thermography · Thermoelasticity ·
Fatigue · Andalusite-based low-cement castable
(And-LCC)
Introduction
The objective of the present work is to evidence some
thermal effects in an andalusite-based low-cement
castable (And-LCC) subjected to cyclic load at room
temperature. Refractory castables are widely used in
the metallurgical industry, in particular to transport
molten steel. When in service or submitted to spe-
cific thermal treatments, these ceramic materials may
exhibit a strong non-linear tensile behaviour closely
related to their complex microstructure [1]. In fact, the
large coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch
between cement matrix and andalusite aggregates leads
to internal thermal stresses that induce the appearance
of microstructural defects, such as grain/matrix inter-
face debondings and cracks [2]. From a macroscopic
point of view, the high proportion of defects leads to
diffused damage in the bulk material, which can be
modified according to prescribed mechanical or ther-
mal loading. Internal frictions at the interface between
grains and matrix may cause crack initiations and prop-
agations, and consequently, the complete failure of the
refractory product. This type of material can withstand