Aquaculture Nutrition. 2018;1–8. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/anu
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1 © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
1 | INTRODUCTION
Due to growing interest in aquarium keeping, ornamental fish indus-
try is receiving increasing attention these days. Successful ornamen-
tal fish trade depends on producing animals of good size and bright
colours, the latter being directly linked to the commercial value
(Simpson, Katayama, & Chichester, 1981). Electric yellow cichlid
(Labidochromis caeruleus) is a freshwater species from the family
Cichlidae. Members of this family are extremely popular as aquar-
ium fish. The skin pigmentation derives from carotenoids deposited
in tissue (Simpson et al., 1981). Aquarium fish fail to maintain the skin
coloration as a result of carotenoid deprivation, which negatively af-
fects consumer acceptance. Fish cannot synthesize carotenoids de
novo (Goodwin, 1984) and must acquire them directly from dietary
Received: 19 July 2018
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Revised: 7 November 2018
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Accepted: 8 November 2018
DOI: 10.1111/anu.12869
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
The effect of supplementing diets with extracts derived from
three different species of macroalgae on growth, thermal stress
resistance, antioxidant enzyme activities and skin colour of
electric yellow cichlid (Labidochromis caeruleus )
Faezeh Pezeshk
1
| Sedigheh Babaei
2
| Abdolmohammad Abedian Kenari
3
|
Mehdi Hedayati
4
| Mahmood Naseri
2
1
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of
Agriculture, Khazar Institute of Higher
Education, Mahmood Abad, Mazandaran,
Iran
2
Department of Natural Resources and
Environmental Engineering, School of
Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Fars,
Iran
3
Department of Aquaculture, Faculty
of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares
University, Noor, Iran
4
Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research
Center, Research Institute for Endocrine
Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of
Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Correspondence
Sedigheh Babaei, Department of Natural
Resources and Environmental Engineering,
School of Agriculture, Shiraz University,
Shiraz, Fars, Iran.
Emails: Babaei.Sedigheh@gmail.com;
s-babaei@shirazu.ac.ir
Funding information
Khazar Institute of Higher Education
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the growth, thermal stress resistance, an-
tioxidant enzyme activities and skin colour of Labidochromis caeruleus (electric yellow
cichlid) fed the diets supplemented with extracts derived from brown macroalga
Sargassum boveanum, red macroalga Gracilaria persica and green macroalga
Entromorpha intestinalis. One hundred and forty-four fish were randomly distributed
into 12 tanks and subjected to cold-shock stress after 8 weeks of feeding the diets
containing 1,000 mg extracts of macroalgae. Supplementation of fish diet with algal
extracts led to improved growth performance (including higher final weight and
weight gain) when compared to the control group, which was fed the non-supple-
mented diet. The survival rate after cold-shock stress was significantly higher in
those fish fed the diets containing macroalgal extracts, especially E. intestinalis ex-
tract (75%). The superoxide dismutase activity in all dietary treatments was signifi-
cantly lower than control, whereas no significant difference in the activities of
catalase and lysozyme was observed among treatments. In addition, inclusion of
macroalgal extracts in the diet resulted in higher a* (redness) and b* (yellowness)
values compared to the control group. These results suggest that macroalgal ex-
tracts, especially E. intestinalis extract, can be used as feed additive for increasing
antioxidants capacities as well as enhancing pigmentation in electric yellow cichlid.
KEYWORDS
antioxidant defence, cold-shock stress, fish skin pigmentation, growth performance,
Labidochromis caeruleus, macroalgal extract