Vol.:(0123456789) 1 3
Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-020-01497-7
Formation of Silver Nanoparticles via Aspilia pluriseta Extracts Their
Antimicrobial and Catalytic Activity
A. O. Nyabola
1
· P. G. Kareru
1
· E. S. Madivoli
1
· S. I. Wanakai
1
· Ernest Gachui Maina
1
Received: 18 January 2020 / Accepted: 7 March 2020
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract
Green synthesized metallic nanoparticles are continually receiving attention as antimicrobial agents and catalyst for degra-
dation of a host of organic compounds. In this study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized using Aspilia pluriseta extracts
and evaluated for their antimicrobial and photocatalytic activity. Using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer, the surface plasmon
resonance observed at 427 nm indicated the materialization of silver nanoparticles. Probable vibrational stretches that are
characteristic of silver nanoparticles such as –OH stretching vibrations and –CH
2
vibrational stretch, were identifed using
an FT-IR spectrophotometer. In order to understand the morphology and composition of the synthesized nanoparticles, they
were studied further using scanning electron microscope (SEM), dynamic light scattering analyzer (DLS), transmission elec-
tron microscope (TEM) and X-ray difractometer (XRD) hence revealing formation of crystalline, spherically shaped silver
nanoparticles. The synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), exhibited broad-spectrum activity which was concentration
dependent against; two-gram positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus), two-gram negative bacteria
(Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and the fungal (Candida albicans). Efectiveness of the nanomaterials in
photocatalytic degradation was based on irradiation time. Decolorization and degradation of the dye took less than 30 min.
Keywords Aspilia pluriseta extracts · Silver nanoparticles · Antimicrobial · Catalytic activity
1 Introduction
In addition to energy crisis and depletion of ozone layer
resulting to global warming, challenges related to rapid
growth of towns and industrialization such as waste con-
trol, degradation of organic components and wastewater
treatment needs to be addressed [1]. A lot of efort is being
undertaken globally to remediate this challenge by incor-
porating both chemical and green technology processes
with up-to-date developments in both industry and science
[2]. Silver nanoparticles have displayed diferent chemical,
physical and biological properties due to their high surface
area and small particle sizes [3]. As a result of their shape,
non-toxic nature and size-dependent characteristics, AgNPs
have found application in various felds such as water treat-
ment [4], as antimicrobial agents [5] and as catalysts [6]. In
particular, AgNPs have received much attention as antimi-
crobial agents as they present very strong bactericidal action
against a broad spectrum of bacteria [7]. Most products that
have incorporated silver nanoparticles such as cosmetics [8],
wound dressings [9], medical implants [10] are considered
safe [11]. In addition to fnding application in consumables,
plant synthesized silver nanoparticles have also been applied
in wastewater treatment since it is a simple, cost efective,
and efcient method for removal of organic pollutants [12].
AgNPs can be synthesized by employing either physical
or chemical approach with physical approaches exploiting
numerous methods such as laser ablation and condensation/
evaporation. In chemical approach, metal ions in resulting
solutions are reduced in settings favoring successive forma-
tion of smaller metal clusters or even agglomerates. Some
of the reducing agents employed in chemical synthesis
include sodium borohydride, tollens reagent, sodium citrate,
etc. [13]. The production of toxic chemicals, difculties in
purifcation and high energy consumption are some of the
factors that hinders application of chemically synthesized
nanoparticles in various felds [14].
* A. O. Nyabola
nyabolaaugustine@gmail.com
1
Chemistry Department, Jomo Kenyatta University
of Agriculture and Technology, P.O Box 62000,
Nairobi 00200, Kenya