Driver profiles based on values and traffic safety climate and their relationships with driver behaviors Bilgesu Kaçan a,b,⇑ , Gizem Fındık a , Yes ßim Üzümcüog ˘lu a,c , Derya Azık a , Gaye Solmazer a,d , Özlem Ersan a , Türker Özkan a , Timo Lajunen e , Bahar Öz a , Anton Pashkevich f , Maria Pashkevich f , Vassiliki Danelli-Mylona g , Dimitra Georgogianni g , Ema Berisha Krasniqi h , Muhamed Krasniqi h , Evangelos Makris g , Ksenia Shubenkova i , Gentianë Xheladini h a Safety Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Middle East Technical University, Turkey b Necmettin Erbakan University, Turkey c TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Turkey d _ Izmir Bakırçay University, Turkey e Traffic Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Finland f Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia g R.S.I. Road Safety Institute ‘‘Panos Mylonas”, Greece h Kosovo Association of Motorization, Kosovo i Kazan Federal University, Russia article info Article history: Received 2 August 2018 Received in revised form 12 April 2019 Accepted 13 May 2019 Keywords: Schwartz’s values Traffic safety climate Driver behavior Driver profiles Cross-cultural study abstract Drivers have an important place in the traffic system when the human factor is taken into consideration. Drivers from different cultures are exposed to different values, norms, and traffic systems, and these differences may form various driver behaviors. Thus, traffic cli- mate and individual values can impact driver behaviors. In this study, the relationships between Schwartz’s individual values and traffic climate dimensions were examined. Clusters were then created from the traffic climate dimensions and individual values, and the differences in driver behavior within these clusters were investigated. In order to examine similarities and differences between countries, the results from 5 countries (Estonia, Greece, Kosovo, Russia, and Turkey) are presented. Correlational analyses indi- cated that, while internal requirements and self-transcendence are positively related in all countries, external affective demands and conservation are positively related in Estonia, Kosovo, Russia, and Turkey. Additionally, external affective demands and self- transcendence are positively related in Greece, Kosovo, Russia, and Turkey. A three- cluster structure fitted the data well in all of the five countries. Within-country differences were observed in clusters of Russian and Turkish data in terms of driver behaviors. The detailed results are presented and discussed in relation to the literature. Ó 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Traffic accidents are the ninth leading cause of death, and each year more than 1.35 million road users worldwide lose their lives on the roads (World Health Organization [WHO], 2018). Accident rates differ regionally, with a 90% death rate in low and middle-income countries. For example, according to Global Status Report on Road Safety of WHO (2018); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2019.05.010 1369-8478/Ó 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ⇑ Corresponding author at: Safety Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey. E-mail address: kacanbilgesu@gmail.com (B. Kaçan). Transportation Research Part F 64 (2019) 246–259 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Transportation Research Part F journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/trf