Vol. 16(20), pp. 1186-1191, 17 May, 2017
DOI: 10.5897/AJB2016.15657
Article Number: AA1CC3164301
ISSN 1684-5315
Copyright © 2017
Author(s) retain the copyright of this article
http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB
African Journal of Biotechnology
Full Length Research Paper
Effect of cooking on tannin and phytate content in
different bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) varieties grown in
Tanzania
Mamiro, P. S.
1*
, Mwanri, A. W.
1
, Mongi, R. J.
1
, Chivaghula, T. J.
1
, Nyagaya, M.
2
and Ntwenya,
J.
3
1
Department of Food Technology, Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P. O. Box 3006,
Morogoro, Tanzania.
2
The Children's Investment Fund Foundation (UK), 3
rd
floor, ABC Place, Waiyaki Way, P. O. Box 1694-00606,
Nairobi, Kenya.
3
Department of Public Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Dodoma,
P. O. Box 259 Dodoma, Tanzania.
Received 8 September, 2016; Accepted 26 April, 2017
Phytates and tannins are present in varying proportions in legume based foods. Investigation on the
effect of cooking on tannins and phytates was carried out on thirty eight raw and cooked bean
(Phaseolus vulgaris) varieties. Tannins were assayed by vanillin-hydrochloric acid method, while
phytates were determined by a method developed by Haugh and Lantzsch. There was a very high
significant difference (P≤0.00001) in the tannin concentrations between the raw and cooked bean
samples. The mean tannin content for the raw and cooked samples was 1.168±0.81 and
0.563±0.503%CE, respectively. Reduction of tannins after cooking ranged from 20%CE in M’mafutala to
81%CE in GLP 2 with an average reduction of 56.3%CE. Equally, there was a very high significant
difference (P≤0.0001) in the phytate concentrations between the raw and cooked bean samples. The
mean phytate content for the raw and cooked samples were 0.0219±002 and 0.0122±003 μg/mL,
respectively. Cooking reduced the anti-nutritional factors significantly (p≤0.0001). The extent of anti-
nutritional factors reduction varied between bean varieties. Cooking is therefore important for mineral
absorption during digestion process in humans as it makes the minerals less bound and hence
physiologically available.
Key words: Beans, phytates, tannins, minerals, raw, cooking, bioavailability.
INTRODUCTION
The food that has been eaten and swallowed is mixed
with saliva, gastric fluids and churned by peristaltic
movements of the stomach into a creamy fluid called the
chyme. The chyme is an extremely complex matrix, in
*Corresponding author. E-mail: petermamiro@suanet.ac.tz or petermamiro@yahoo.com.
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