3.1.7 Byzantine Judaism Nicholas de Lange Literature Boyd-Taylor, Cameron: Echoes of the Septuagint in Byzantine Judaism, in: Martin Karrer / Wolfgang Kraus (eds.), Die Septuaginta – Texte, Theologien, Einflüsse, Tübingen 2010, 2M2-2XX – de Lange, Nicholas: An early Hebrew-Greek Bible glossary from the Cairo Genizah and its significance for the study of Jewish Bible translations into Greek, in: Martin F. J. Baasten / Reinier Munk (eds.), Studies in Hebrew literature and culture presented to Albert van der Heide on the occasion of his sixty-fifth birthday, Dordrecht 200M, 31-3c– de Lange, Nicholas: A Thousand Years of Hebrew in Byzantium, in: William Horbury (ed.), Hebrew Study from Ezra to Ben-Yehuda, Edinburgh 1ccc, 14M-161 – de Lange, Nicholas: Etudier et prier à Byzance, Revue des Etudes Juives 15X (1ccc), 51-5c – de Lange, Nicholas: Japheth in the Tents of Shem: Greek Bible Translations in Byzantine Judaism (Texts and Studies in Medieval and Early Mod- ern Judaism, 30), Tübingen 2015 – de Lange, Nicholas: Jewish Education in the Byzantine Empire in the Twelfth Century, in: Glenda Abramson / Tudor Parfitt (eds.), Jewish Educa- tion and Learning, Chur (Switzerland) 1cc4, 115-12X – de Lange, Nicholas: Jewish Greek Bible versions, in: Richard Marsden / E. Ann Matter (eds.), The New Cambridge History of The Bible, Cambridge 2012, 56-6X – de Lange, Nicholas: La tradition des « révisions juives » au moyen âge: les fragments hébraïques de la Geniza du Caire, in: Gilles Dorival / Olivier Mun- nich (eds.), “Selon les Septante”, Hommage à Marguerite Harl, Paris 1cc5, 133-143 – de Lange, Nicholas: The Greek Bible translations of the Byzantine Jews, in: Paul Magdalino / Robert S. Nelson (eds.), The Old Testament in Byzantium, Washington, DC 2010, 3c-54 – de Lange, Nicholas: The Greek Bible in the Medieval Synagogue, in: Robert Bonfil / Oded Irshai / Gedaliahu G. Stroumsa / Rina Talgam (eds.), Jews of Byzantium: Dialectics of Minority and Majority Cultures, Leiden 2011, 3M1-3X4 – de Lange, Nicholas: The Hebrew Language in the European Diaspora, in: Benjamin Isaac / Aharon Oppenheimer (eds.), Studies on the Jewish Diaspora in the Hellenistic and Roman Periods, Te ʿ uda 12, Tel Aviv 1cc6, 111-13M – de Lange, Nicholas: Greek Jewish Texts from the Cairo Genizah, Tübingen 1cc6 – Hesseling, Dirk C.: Le livre de Jonas, BZ 10 (1c01), 20X-21M – Hesseling, Dirk C.: Les cinq livres de la Loi (le Pentateuque), Leiden / Leipzig 1XcM – Krivoruchko, Julia G.: The Constantinople Penta- teuch within the Context of Septuagint Studies, in: Melvin K. H. Peters (ed.), XIII Congress of the International Organization for Septuagint and Cognate Studies, Ljubljana 200M, Atlanta, GA 200X, 255-2M6 – Linder, Amnon: The Jews in Roman Imperial Legislation, Detroit / Jerusalem 1cXM – Smelik, Willem F.: Justinian’s Novella 146 and Contemporary Judaism, in: Timothy M. Law / Alison Salvesen (eds.), Greek Scripture and the Rabbis, Leuven 2012, 141-163. 1. The language question The story of the Greek Bible in Byzantine Judaism is inseparable from wider develop- ments relating to two languages: Greek and Hebrew. In the ancient period, Greek was the high cultural language as well as the lingua franca over a vast area that included Egypt, Palestine and western Syria. It is to this setting that the original translation of the Hebrew scriptures into Greek by and for the Jewish communities belongs. By the 494