1-4244-0551-3/06/$20.00 ©2006 IEEE 489 ISSE 2006 St. Marienthal, Germnay
Examining the effects of polymer binder in Fe
2
O
3
/ZnO
thick film sensors on the response to propanol vapour
K.I Arshak
1)
, M. Nicholson
2)
, A. Arshak
2)
, E. G. Moore
1)
, I. Gaidan
1)
, C. Cunniffe
1)
1)
Electronic and Computer Engineering Department, University of Limerick, Ireland
2)
Physics Department, University of Limerick, Ireland
Khalil.Arshak@ul.ie
Abstract: Investigations have been carried out on the role of the binder in screen printed Fe
2
O
3
/ZnO
thick film sensors for gas and vapour analysis. These sensors were prepared by mixing a polymer
binder and carbon black with a 50:50 Fe
2
O
3
/ZnO mixture which has been previously fired at 1250°C.
The advantages of these sensors include room temperature operation, straight forward circuitry and
low power consumption. Previous work in the literature has concentrated on varying the composition
of the oxides in the sensing layer to improve their sensitivity to vapours. The aim of this study is to
evaluate the contribution of the polymer binder to the sensor response and selectivity. The polymer
binders investigated were Ethyl Cellulose (EC) and polyvinyl butyral (PVB). Sensors were prepared
using each binder and exposed to propanol at concentrations ranging from 500-14000 ppm in an
automated dynamic flow system. Drop coated PVB and EC sensors containing carbon black (CB)
were also fabricated in order to compare their responses with the thick film oxide sensors.
Correlations were found between both sensor types suggesting that the polymer binder plays a
significant role in the response mechanism of room temperature oxide sensors.
1. INTRODUCTION
As concern for environmental safety rises, so too
does the need for fast, accurate low powered gas
sensors. Interest has grown in the use of metal oxide
gas and vapour sensing devices for applications such
as air quality control, remote sensing of toxic
environmental pollutants and industrial environmental
control [1-3]. The sensitivity, selectivity and stability
of these materials make them ideal candidates for gas
sensing applications. Previous work has explored the
use of oxide materials such as ZnO, TiO
2
, WO
3
, Fe
2
O
3
and In
2
O
3
in gas sensing devices. Multi-component
oxides like NiFe
2
O
4
, SrFe
2
O
3
and ZnFe
2
O
4
have also
been successfully used in gas sensing applications [4,
5].
These studies have concentrated on using the
chemical make up of the oxide material, its structural
defects and grain size to describe the degree of
sensitivity of the material to a particular gas. However
an inherent disadvantage to metal oxide sensors is
their operation at elevated temperatures which
requires the printing of a heating element on the back
on the sensor. This contributes to an increase in
power consumption, fabrication costs as well as
complexity in sensor design [6]. However recent
studies have shown that mixing the oxides with a
polymer binder allows for room temperature operation
[4].
Various approaches have been used to produce
oxide gas sensors including thin film techniques,
thermal deposition, sputtering and solgels and thick
film techniques, screen-printing and drop coating.
This study focuses on the use of screen-printing to
produce the oxide sensors.
Screen printing is a thick film technology that uses
a squeegee to force a paste through the apertures of a
stencil screen to form a pattern on the substrate. Paste
preparation involves the mixing of oxide particles
with a polymer binder and suitable solvent. Generally
the role of the polymer binder in the response
mechanism of the sensor is ignored and the sensitivity
is explained with reference to the oxide interaction
with the vapour. This study investigates the role of the
polymer binder in the sensor response mechanism and
determines whether it can be used as a means to alter
the sensitivity and selectivity of the sensor.