Public-private sector dialogue in Nigeria’s economic policymaking process is fragmented and unstructured. As a result, the private sector has moved to organize itself around trade groups, which have the tendency to seek self-interest. Advocacy groups can help bring balance in private-public sector dialogue. This paper explores agricultural advocacy groups in Nigeria as instruments for economic policy change by focusing on their organization, functions, achievements, constraints, and sustainability. Background Policy advocacy is defined as efforts of individuals or groups to influence policymakers and impact policy decisions and government actions (AIAE 2006) by championing issues, educating officials and citizens, mobilizing support, and creating coalitions (Brinkerhoff and Crosby 2002). Private advocacy groups, also referred to as pressure groups, lobby groups, or special interest groups, use various forms of advocacy to influence public opinion and/or policy. There are several advocacy groups in Nigeria which vary considerably in size, influence, and social purpose. In this brief, we will discuss core and non-core agricultural groups. Core groups’ mandates focus entirely on agriculture. They include, for example, the All Farmers Association of Nigeria (AFAN), National Agricultural Foundation of Nigeria (NAFN), Farmers Development Union (FADU), National Agricultural Foundation of Nigeria (NAFN), Fertilizer Suppliers Association of Nigeria (FEPSAN), and Women Farmers Advancement Network (WOFAN). The non-core groups do not have agriculture as their primary mandate, but have some agriculture- oriented activities. They include The Nigeria Economic Summit Group (NESG), Promoting Pro- Poor Opportunities in Commodity and Service Markets (PrOpCom), and the African Institute of Applied Economics (AIAE). Methodology This research involved a review of literature on advocacy groups and interviews with selected advocacy groups in Enugu State and Abuja. Ten groups were interviewed: AFAN, NAFN, FADU, NESG, PrOpCom, NESG Rice Network, Women for Women, African Centre for Rural Development and Environment (ACREDEN), Association of Enugu State Resident NGOs (ARSENGO) and African Institute of Applied Economics (AIAE). Findings The reviewed literature suggests that the nature and level of programming and activities of advocacy groups do not reflect their cumulative experience over the years. More than 50 percent of the groups are general-interest in approach. As a result, the array of thematic focus and services hinder their effectiveness. They tended not to have in-depth knowledge on any specific issue, which subsequently affects their judgment (AIAE 2006). Some powerful lobby groups have been accused of Review of Private Agricultural Advocacy Groups in Nigeria NIGERIA STRATEGY SUPPORT PROGRAM Policy Note No. 27 Anthony NwaJesus Onyekuru