© 2017 Wichtg Publishing
EJO
ISSN 1120-6721
Eur J Ophthalmol 2017; 27 (5): 614-616
surgical technique
capsule is cleared from the muscle belly using a sharp and
a blunt dissecton. A modifed 1/4� × 7-3/4� Zalkind Ribbon
Malleable Retractor (Sklar Surgical Instruments Corp., West
Chester, PA, USA) is inserted between the muscle belly and
the globe between 6 and 8 millimeters posterior to its in-
serton (Fig. 1A). This modifed malleable retractor is de-
signed specifcally to protect the sclera during the handling
of the EOM. Uni-Punch (Premier Surgical, Plymouth Meet-
ing, PA, USA) 3.0 mm, a disposable biopsy punch, is used to
incise and extract the middle part of the muscle belly above
the modifed malleable retractor (Fig. 1B), whereby a full-
thickness 3-mm punch biopsy of the middle of the EOM is
obtained (Fig. 1C). Subsequently, the conjunctva is closed in
standard fashion with 8-0 Vicryl sutures (Ethicon, Somerville,
NJ, USA).
results
We performed this procedure on a 34-year-old man.
The patent had pain in his right eye. On examinaton, a
positve relatve aferent pupillary defect was noted in the
right eye. There was restricton in abducton and upper
and lower gaze of the right eye, and unremarkable fndings
on biomicroscopic examinaton. Routne laboratory tests
were normal, including thyroid, rheumatologic, and tumor
marker panels. Cerebrospinal fuid was clear on lumbar
puncture. No pathologic fndings were observed on imag-
ing studies, except bilateral medial rectus enlargement on
magnetc resonance imaging. At this stage, a muscle biopsy
was performed.
The patent was orthophoric before and afer the biopsy
was taken. No worsening of abducton, muscle weakness,
bleeding, or cosmetc defects were noted postoperatvely.
The pathologic result of the biopsy described striated muscle
and mild edema with no evidence of lymphoma (Fig. 2). Leu-
kocyte common antgen immunohistochemical stain showed
sparse leukocytes.
DOI: 10.5301/ejo.5000933
sutureless extraocular muscle biopsy technique
Tom Kornhauser, Ahed Imtrat, Jaime Levy, Erez Tsumi
Department of Ophthalmology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva - Israel
Introducton
Muscle biopsy has an important role in the diagnostc
process of idiopathic infammatory myopathies, congenital
muscular dystrophies, and metabolic disorders, among oth-
ers, according to the literature (1-3).
In cases of infltratve or atypical infammatory eye dis-
ease, when abnormal muscle structure is seen on imag-
ing studies of inconclusive etology, a full-thickness biopsy
of an extraocular muscle (EOM) is warranted in order to
make a fnal diagnosis (1, 4, 5). The biopsy technique has
not thoroughly been depicted except by Hertle and Wilson
(4), who described an approach to obtain an adequate sam-
ple of an EOM or a tendon while avoiding postoperatve
strabismus by dividing the muscle belly into longitudinal
thirds between 2 self-retaining muscle hooks and isolatng
a 8-to-10-mm central segment of muscle for biopsy. We
present a modifcaton of that technique that is simple,
precise, and sutureless, without compromising muscle
functonality.
Methods
The tendon of the EOM is approached and isolated us-
ing either a limbus or fornix incision approach. The muscle
abstract
Purpose: To describe a simple and novel technique of obtaining an extraocular muscle (EOM) biopsy.
Methods: Our sutureless method involves obtaining a full-thickness 3-mm EOM specimen using a disposable
punch biopsy.
results: The procedure was performed successfully, with no worsening of eye movement, muscle weakness, or
cosmetc defects postoperatvely. The acquired full-thickness specimen was sufcient for analysis.
conclusions: This technique to obtain an EOM biopsy allows a straightorward sutureless method, providing an
adequate sample for tssue scrutny.
Keywords: Biopsy, Extraocular muscle, Technique
accepted: January 9, 2017
Published online: January 25, 2017
corresponding author:
Tom Kornhauser, MD
Department of Ophthalmology
Soroka University Medical Center
P.O. Box 151
84101 Beer Sheva, Israel
tomchook@gmail.com