Copyright@ Arohi Chauhan | Biomed J Sci & Tech Res | BJSTR. MS.ID.006246. 30993 Review Article ISSN: 2574 -1241 National TB Elimination Program in Uttar Pradesh, India: A Case Study of a Country Within the Country Arohi Chauhan 1 *, Yogesh Patel 2 and Sandeep Chauhan 3 1 Research Scientist, Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India 2 Program Director, World Health Partners, New Delhi, India 3 National Consultant DR TB, WHO NTEP Technical support network, New Delhi, India *Corresponding author: Arohi Chauhan, C 1847 Ground Floor, Sushant lok 1 sector 43 Gurgaon 122002, Haryana, India DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2021.39.006246 ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Received: September 16, 2021 Published: September 29, 2021 Citation: Nira M Al-Munawar, Sudadi, Bhi- rowo Yudo Pratomo, Ardyan Wardhana. National TB Elimination Program in Uttar Pradesh, India: A Case Study of a Country Within the Country. Biomed J Sci & Tech Res 39(1)-2021. BJSTR. MS.ID.006246. Keyword: Tuberculosis; Uttar Pradesh; National TB Elimination Program; Drug-resistant Tuberculosis; Notification Abbreviations: TB: Tuberculosis; RNTCP: Revised National TB Control Programme; NTP: National TB control Programme; TU: Tuberculosis Units; STC: State TB Cell, HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus; STCC: State TB-HIV Coordination Com- mittee Tuberculosis (TB) has been the leading global cause of death from a single infectious agent, ranking above HIV/AIDS. Worldwide, 10.0 million people contracted TB in 2019, out of which 2.6 million were estimated to have occurred in India. Despite being a curable disease, every year 1.5 million people die of TB in India. India’s TB efforts are flattened by the irrational use of first- and second-line anti-TB drugs, unregulated private health care, rising prevalence of TB co-morbidities, drug resistant TB and COVID-19 pandemic. The national TB program was revamped and renamed as National TB Elimination Program in 2020. The highest number of the TB cases are reported from the state of Uttar Pradesh (UP). UP has many challenges to manage the TB program with 75 districts and 18 divisions. This case study was done to review the existing situation of TB in UP and the innovations undertaken considering the fact that it contributes to 20% of the total drug sensitive TB cases in India. The results of the case study reveals that the usual notion of UP being a nonperforming state is gradually changing. This is reflected in the efforts put by the NTEP-UP and the achievements attained so far be it in terms of active case finding of TB cases, increase in private sector notification, using Indian postal service to improved sputum specimen transportation, mobile medical van facilities in hard-to-reach area and better monitoring of the program in the state. Given the vast population and the geographical area, UP was the first state in India to establish the Regional TB Programme Management Units (RTPMU) for better monitoring and supervision of the TB program in state. The RTPMUs established shows the decentralization efforts of the state linking each district to a particular RTPMU and increasing the accountability for TB. Still, a more focused approach is required for each and every component of the TB program in UP. as a slight change in TB situation in UP will have a huge impact on the nation’s TB status and thus will pave way for eliminating TB from India by 2025. Background Prevailing Situation of Tuberculosis in India Tuberculosis (TB) is the world’s most deadly infectious disease; it claims more than a million lives each year and affects a million more. It is the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent ranking above HIV/AIDS [1]. The global TB situation is dire with TB causing a significant mortality and morbidity [1]. India is the second-most populous country in the world with one fourth of the global incident TB cases occurring in India annually [2]. In 2019, out of the estimated global annual incidence of 10.0 million TB cases, 2.6 million were estimated to have occurred in India [1]. TB is a major public health problem in India, and it has a huge impact on the health and economy of the country [3]. Despite of the fact that TB is a curable disease if there is timely diagnosis and initiation