Validation of a Novel Algorithm for Ventricular Repolarization Analysis: Use of
Physionet Resources
F Cantini, M Emdin, C Passino, M Varanini, F Conforti
CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
Abstract
Ventricular repolarization analysis allows extraction
from the ECG signal of quantitative indexes (namely the
QT interval), of prognostic value in unselected
populations and cardiac patients, being related with
arrhythmic risk. Several attempts to improve automatic
ECG waveform detection have been accomplished, using
signal derivatives, digital filtering, wavelet analysis,
neural network techniques, nonlinear approaches. In the
present study, a single-lead low-pass differentiation
detector of ECG significant points (PulseMeter) has
been evaluated. The algorithm performance has been
validated against the manual annotation of the "QT
database" (http://www.physionet.org/), developed for
validation purposes. QRS complex and other ECG
waveform boundaries were independently evaluated in
the present study. The mean values and standard
deviations computed improve the result of automatic
annotation in QT database, especially in T wave
detection. The QRS detector has a sensitivity of 99.96%
and a positive predictivity of 99.96% on the first lead
and a sensitivity of 99.90% and a positive predictivity of
99.94% on the second lead, showing a better
performance than the automatic annotation in the QT
database.
1. Introduction
The analysis of ventricular repolarization allows to
compute quantitative indexes (such as JT, QT interval)
with diagnostic and prognostic values in patients with
systemic (i.e. diabetes) or cardiovascular diseases,
because of their linkage with arrhythmias or sudden
death.
The development of automatic algorithms for
ventricular repolarization analysis from the
electrocardiographic signal is relevant to the diagnostic
process in subsets of patients with potential arrhythmic
or ischemic risk, either during provocative tests,
ambulatory or Intensive Care Unit ECG monitoring.
In the present study, a single-lead, low-pass
differentiation detector of ECG significant points
(PulseMeter) (figure 1) has been evaluated.
2. Methods
The “Physionet QT database” [1] has been used for
PulseMeter algorithm performance evaluation. The
database is a collection of 15-minute long, 2-lead, 105
selected ECG recordings from other databases such as
MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database [7], European ST-T
Database [8] and Boston Beth Israel Deaconess Medical
Center database.
Signals have been selected to cover a wide range of
QRS, ST segment and T wave morphologies. For each
record a set of annotation for the QRS complex and a set
of manual annotations for T, U and P wave boundaries
for selected beats are provided. For 11 records a second
set of manual annotations is provided. Also, automatic
annotations obtained using the “ecgpuwave” application
are available [5][6].
2.1. Preprocessing
While processing biological signals [2], filter cut-off
characteristics are not critical in order to extract
information from the signals. Thus, for our purpose,
moving-average digital filters were used. This kind of
Figure 1: Application of PulseMeter to the ECG signal:
automatic annotation of significant points
0276-6547/03 $17.00 © 2003 IEEE 509 Computers in Cardiology 2003;30:509-512.