Tacitus’ Tiberius: The state of the evidence for the emperor’s Ipsissima Verba in the Annals
By: David B. Wharton
Wharton, David. “Tacitus’ Tiberius: The State of Evidence for Tiberius’ Ipsissima Verba in the
Annals.” American Journal of Philology 118.1 1997, pp. 119-125.
http://doi.org/10.1353/ajp.1997.0017
© 1997 The Johns Hopkins University Press. Licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0);
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Abstract:
Ronald Syme first proposed that the style and vocabulary of some of the speeches attributed to
Tiberius in the Annals were strongly influenced by those actually uttered by the Emperor, as
preserved in the acta senatus.
Keywords: Tacitus | Tiberius | Tiberianisms
Article:
Ronald Syme first proposed that the style and vocabulary of some of the speeches attributed to
Tiberius in the Annals were strongly influenced by those actually uttered by the Emperor, as
preserved in the acta senatus. Syme said,
Tacitus’ vocabulary was liable to be influenced. Certain “Tiberian” words occur in the
speeches, recur in the hexad and never again. Thus compello, diiudico, exsatio. . . . To
render Tiberius, Tacitus made a careful choice of words, not only the rare and arresting,
but also less obtrusive words, alien from his own manner.
1
Syme also suggested (700) that the speeches of Tiberius display a higher frequency of abstract
nouns of a Ciceronian type, and of compound verbs.
Although Syme never actually tried to test his hypothesis, N. P. Miller did, and published her
results in 1968’s American Journal of Philology. In “Tiberius Speaks” she compares the number
of “solitaries” (that is, words that appear only once in the extant Tacitean corpus) occurring in
the speeches, both recta and obliqua, attributed to Tiberius, with the number occurring in the
speeches attributed to Nero. She concludes, “. . . we may . . . with some reason postulate that the
high proportion of Tiberian solitaries indicates a connection with Tiberius’ [actual] speeches”
(19).
Although Syme’s and Miller’s hypothesis has not been universally accepted, neither has it ever
been fully rejected, and it has continued to haunt a small corner of Tacitean scholarship. All
subsequent opinion on the subject, moreover, has assumed at least that Miller’s evidence is valid,
1
Syme 1958, 702.