Research Article TheEffectofSmokingonSalivaryCalciumLevels,CalciumIntake, andBleedingonProbinginFemale Sri Tjahajawati , 1 Anggun Rafisa , 1 andEndahAyuLestari 2 1 Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia 2 School of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia Correspondence should be addressed to Sri Tjahajawati; sri.tjahajawati@fkg.unpad.ac.id Received 4 September 2021; Revised 19 November 2021; Accepted 9 December 2021; Published 18 December 2021 Academic Editor: Boonlert Kukiattrakoon Copyright©2021SriTjahajawatietal.isisanopenaccessarticledistributedundertheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Introduction. Smoking is a bad habit that affects both systemic and oral conditions. Nicotine in cigarettes reduces estrogen production that can alter salivary calcium levels. Nicotine also causes vasoconstriction of the gingival blood vessels and decreases gingival bleeding. Low dietary calcium intake is also suspected to influence the low serum calcium levels in smokers. In this study, we evaluated the effect of smoking on salivary calcium levels, calcium intake, and BOP in women. Method. is was an analytical study using a cross-sectional approach. e subjects were 26 female smokers and 37 nonsmokers. Unstimulated saliva was collected by the spitting method. Salivary calcium levels were measured using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). e calcium intake was obtained by the Semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. BOP was measured by a gingival bleeding index by Ainamo and Bay in 1975. Results. All the basic characteristics including age, BMI, level of education, and occupation were statistically different between groups. e mean calcium level of female smokers was significantly lower than that of nonsmokers, whereas the mean BOP of female smokers was significantly higher. e total calcium intake per day of the two groups was not statistically different. e mean salivary calcium level and BOP decreased when the duration of smoking was longer. ere was a positive correlation between salivary calcium level and BOP in the smokers’ group. Conclusion. A low level of education may be contributing to the smoking habit of subjects in this study. Salivary calcium levels were correlated with BOP in female smokers, which might be affected by the duration of smoking. 1.Introduction Smoking is no longer identical to only men but becoming commonplace among women. e number of smokers has increased recently, despite the decline in smoking prevalence [1]. A systematic review by Jafari et al. found that 13% of adult females and 15% of adolescent females were smokers. e study also discovered a high prevalence of smoking in pregnant women (21%) [2]. e dangers of smoking can affect anyone, but women face a greater risk for morbidity and mortality caused by smoking. Female smokers have a 25% higher risk of heart disease and lung cancer when compared to male smokers because women weighed and have blood vessels less than men [3]. Smoking not only causes a systemic effect but can also causes physiopathological conditions in the oral cavity [4]. e heat from burning cigarettes can directly irritate the oral mucosa, causing damage to the salivary glands, and results in decreased salivary function [5]. Saliva consists of 99% of water and various electrolytes. Calcium is one of the inorganic electrolyte components found in saliva in the form of ions which has a role in body processes, especially in the oral cavity [6]. A study by Bafghi et al. in 2015 found a significant decrease in the total average concentration of protein, calcium, lead, and zinc in smokers compared to nonsmokers [7]. On the contrary, Abed et al. in 2015 found a significant increase in salivary calcium levels in smokers [8]. High salivary calcium levels can result in rapid plaque mineralization, thus accelerating the calculus for- mation in the oral cavity. Calculus can increase susceptibility to periodontal disease in the form of attachment loss, pocket depth, tooth loss, and decreased alveolar bone [9]. Hindawi International Journal of Dentistry Volume 2021, Article ID 2221112, 7 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/2221112