Research Article
Kernel L-Ideals and L-Congruence on a Subclass of
Ockham Algebras
Teferi Getachew Alemayehu ,
1
Derso Abeje Engidaw ,
2
and Gezahagne Mulat Addis
2
1
Department of Mathematics, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
2
Department of Mathematics, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
Correspondence should be addressed to Teferi Getachew Alemayehu; teferigetachew3@gmail.com
Received 26 January 2022; Accepted 12 April 2022; Published 29 May 2022
Academic Editor: Tareq Al-shami
Copyright © 2022 Teferi Getachew Alemayehu et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons
Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is
properly cited.
In this paper, we study L-congruences and their kernel in a subclass K
n,0
of the variety of Ockham algebras A. We prove that the
class of kernel L-ideals of an Ockham algebra forms a complete Heyting algebra. Moreover, for a given kernel L-ideal ξ on A, we
obtain the least and the largest L-congruences on A having ξ as its kernel.
1. Introduction
e concept of an Ockham algebra was first introduced by
Berman [1], in 1977. Next, it has been studied by Urquhart
et al. [2], Goldberg et al. [3, 4], and Blyth and Varlet [5].
Blyth and Silva [5] presented the concept of kernel ideals in
Ockham algebra. Wang et al. [6] presented Congruences and
kernel ideals on a subclass K
n,0
of the variety of Ockham
Algebras (in which h
2n
id
A
). e varieties of Boolean al-
gebras, De Morgan algebras, Kleene algebras, and Stone
algebras are some of the well-known subvarieties of Ockham
algebra. We see [7] for the basic concepts of the class of
Ockham algebras.
On the other side, for the first time, the concept of fuzzy
sets was presented by Zadeh as an extension of the classical
notion of set theory [8]. He defined a fuzzy subset of a
nonempty set K as a function from K to [0, 1]. Goguen in [9]
presented the notion of L-fuzzy subsets by replacing the
interval [0, 1] with a complete lattice L in the definition of
fuzzy subsets. Swamy and Swamy [10] studied that complete
lattices that fulfill the infinite meet distributive law are the
most appropriate candidates to have the truth values of
general fuzzy statements.
e study of fuzzy subalgebras of different algebraic
structures has been begun after Rosenfeld presented his
paper [11] on fuzzy subgroups. is paper has provided
sufficient motivation to researchers to study the fuzzy
subalgebras of different algebraic structures.
Fuzzy congruence relations on algebraic structures are
fuzzy equivalence relations that are compatible (in a fuzzy
sense) with all fundamental operations of the algebra. e
concept of fuzzy congruence relations was presented in
different algebraic structure: in semigroups (see [12, 13]), in
groups, semirings, and rings (see [14–19]), in modules and
vector spaces (see [20, 21]), in lattices (see [22, 23]), in
universal algebras (see [24, 25]), and more recently in MS-
algebras and Ockham Algebras (see [26–28]).
Initiated by the above results, we present Kernel L-ideals
and L-Congruence on a subclass FI
k
(A) of K
n,0
of the
variety of Ockham algebras and study their characteristics.
We prove that the class of kernel L-ideal LI
k
(A) of
K
n,0
-algebra A forms Heyting algebras. Also, we get the least
and the biggest L-congruences, respectively, on K
n,0
-algebra
A having a given L-ideal as an L-kernel.
2. Preliminaries
is section contains basic definitions and important results
which will be used in the sequel.
Definition 1. (see [5]). An algebra (A; ∧, ∨, h, 0, 1) of type
(2, 2, 1, 0, 0) is said to be an Ockham algebra if
Hindawi
Journal of Mathematics
Volume 2022, Article ID 7668044, 9 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7668044