Bioremediation of Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soil Usin Selected Organic Wastes Author: Vincenzo Piemonte, Associate Professor, University UCBM – Rome (Italy) 1.Theme description The large increase in the past century of industrial development, population growth and urbanization favoured the release of hazardous chemicals in the environment and a general global pollution. Several chemicals, including heavy metals and radionuclides, but also organic compounds such as pesticides, dyes, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), may persistently accumulate in soils and sediments, thus potentially menacing human health and environment quality, due to their carcinogenic and mutagenic effects, and ability to bioconcentrate throughout the trophic chain[1] . The concern on toxicity risk and environmental pollution associated with chemical contaminants has called for the development and application of remediation techniques. In fact, a large effort has been devoted to find ways to remove contaminants from ecosystems. In particular, several strategies were devised to remediate and restored polluted soils, based on physical, chemical and biological methods. These techniques may be applied in situ, i.e. in the very contaminated soil, thus offering numerous advantages over ex situ technologies, whereby the soil is removed to be treated elsewhere. Thus, in situ remediation techniques do not require soil transportation costs and can be applied to diluted and