Journal of Oral & Facial Pain and Headache 323 Aims: To develop the Malay DC/TMD through a formal cross-cultural adaptation (CCA) process for use in non–English speaking populations and to determine the reliability and validity of the Malay Graded Chronic Pain Scale (M-GCPS) and Malay Jaw Functional Limitation Scale (M-JFLS). Methods: The English DC/TMD was translated into the Malay language using the forward-backward translation procedures specified in the INfORM guideline. The initial Malay instrument was pre-tested, and any discrepancies were identified and reconciled before producing the final Malay DC/TMD. Psychometric properties of the M-GCPS and M-JFLS were evaluated using a convenience sample of 252 subjects and were assessed using internal consistency and test-retest reliability, as well as face, content, concurrent, and construct validity testing. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha, while test-retest reliability was examined using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Concurrent and construct validity of both domains were performed using Spearman ρ correlation test. In addition, construct and discriminant validity were appraised using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests, respectively. Results: Cronbach’s alpha values for the M-GCPS and M-JFLS were 0.95 and 0.97, respectively. The ICC was 0.98 for the M-GCPS and 0.99 for M-JFLS. The majority of the tested associations for both domains were found to be statistically significant, with good positive correlations. Conclusion: The M-GCPS and M-JFLS were found to be reproducible and valid. The Malay DC/TMD shows potential for use among Malay-speaking adults. J Oral Facial Pain Headache 2020;34:323–330. doi: 10.11607/ofph.2624 Keywords: cross-cultural adaptation, DC/TMD, Malay language, temporomandibular disorders, translation T MD refer to a diverse group of conditions affecting the TMJs, masticatory muscles, and their surrounding structures. 1 They present a signifcant public health problem and have been found to negatively impact quality of life. 2 Findings from a large prospective study established TMD as a “complex disorder with multiple caus- es consistent with a biopsychosocial model of illness.” 3 Accordingly, TMD diagnosis entails a dual-axis approach comprising both physical and psychosocial status. The evidence-based Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (DC/TMD), which can be used in both research and clinical set- tings, was presented to the dental community in 2014. 4 These criteria were developed based on the widely employed Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC/TMD), 5 with the aim of improving the sensi- tivity and specifcity of diagnostic algorithms. Axis I of the DC/TMD consists of the TMD pain screener, TMD symptoms questionnaire, demographic profle, and a clinical examination to evaluate mandibu- lar range of motion and associated pain/joint sounds, as well as TMJ and masticatory muscle tenderness on palpation. Specifcations are offered for carrying out the examination and fndings documentation. Axis II assesses pain-related disability and psychosocial status with an assortment of instruments, including the Graded Chronic Pain Scale (GCPS), Jaw Functional Limitation Scale (JFLS), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ), Generalized Anxiety Disorders (GAD) Scale, pain drawings, and the Oral Behavior Checklist (OBC). Mohd Khairul Anwar Mohd Tahir, BDS Kathreena Kadir, BDS, MClinDent (OMFS) Muzaffar Apipi, DDS Siti Mazlipah Ismail, BDS, FDSRCS Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences Faculty of Dentistry University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Zamros Yuzadi Mohd Yusof, BDS, MSc, PhD Department of Community Oral Health and Clinical Prevention Faculty of Dentistry University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Adrian Ujin Yap, BDS, MSc, PhD, Grad Dip Psychotherapy Department of Restorative Dentistry Faculty of Dentistry University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Dentistry, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School and National Dental Research Institute Singapore National Dental Centre Singapore Correspondence to: Dr Kathreena Kadir Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Fax: +603-79674534 Email: kathreena@um.edu.my Submitted November 5, 2019; accepted April 14, 2020. ©2020 by Quintessence Publishing Co Inc. Translation and Adaptation of the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders into the Malay Language: Psychometric Evaluation of Contents © 2020 BY QUINTESSENCE PUBLISHING CO, INC. PRINTING OF THIS DOCUMENT IS RESTRICTED TO PERSONAL USE ONLY. NO PART MAY BE REPRODUCED OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM THE PUBLISHER.