© 2017 Solly Matshonisa Seeletse, Tshepo Matsose, Gezani Richman Miyambu and Eunice Lebogang Sesale. This open
access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 3.0 license.
American Journal of Applied Sciences
Original Research Paper
Statistical Demonstration of Superiority of High-Frequency
Short-Tests in Assessment When Teaching Statistics to
Enhance Higher Student Pass Rates
Solly Matshonisa Seeletse, Tshepo Matsose,
Gezani Richman Miyambu and Eunice Lebogang Sesale
Department of Statistics and Operations Research,
Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, PO Box 107, MEDUNSA, 0204, South Africa
Article history
Received: 09-01-2017
Revised: 05-07-2017
Accepted: 04-10-2017
Corresponding Author:
Solly Matshonisa Seeletse
Department of Statistics and
Operations Research, Sefako
Makgatho Health Sciences
University, PO Box 107,
MEDUNSA, 0204, South
Africa
Email: solly.seeletse@smu.ac.za
Abstract: When facilitating learning, quick and small assessments can
assist to detect areas that require further reinforcement and also identify
students who need extra help in understanding the concepts taught. This
paper demonstrates with Statistics, a difficult subject to pass at Higher
Education Institution (HEI) level, that when these tests are administered at
high frequencies and in large numbers, students are boosted to perform
better, seemingly because there is no chance to pause learning. In addition
to the higher performance shown, the students’ marks were more stable
when checked using the Coefficient of Variation (CV) measure. This was
an indication that in the case of many assessment exercises, the higher
student performances obtained were also more reliable and had a better
chance to be replicated when the exercise was repeated.
Keywords: Assessment, Descriptive Statistics, High-Frequency Short-
Tests, Statistical Tests
Introduction
Planning and managing every aspect of human life
can be made easy with Statistics, which is a vital subject
in HEIs (Umameh, 2011). Therefore, Statistics literacy is
important for every person who cannot reach expertise in
the subject. On the other hand, ideally, Statistics
expertise is important for use in various sectors and
industries such as business and government departments,
among others. Historically though, this subject has high
failure rates in HEIs. Makgato and Mji (2006) indicate
that in South African HEIs, students fail Statistics at a
very high rate. Various interventions to improve pass
rates were tried in the past, including researches to
investigate reasons for the high failure rates (Attwood,
2014). However, recently, several uses of assessment
methods have been attempted with the aim to improve
the pass rates in this subject.
This paper applies tests of hypotheses and statistical
methods to compare the approach of giving many short
tests after chunks of learning various Statistics
component concepts relative to the approach of using
few long tests in assessing students in Statistics. It
fundamentally demonstrates that the former approach in
assessing leads to better student performance in the
Statistics subject.
Considerations When Teaching Statistics
Maths Subject
Statistics is a mathematics requiring learning of
concepts through constant practice to enhance student
performance. Various researchers (Benson, 2011;
Manoah et al., 2011; Miheso, 2012; Makgato and Mji,
2006) have identified factors believed to cause poor
performance as facilitators not using student-centred
tactics, lack of experiments and practical modelling
activities and lack of professional exposures to articulate
issues related to the subjects. Eshiwani (2001) points out
that poor performance is due to poor teaching methods,
inadequate exercises and an acute shortage of books.
Furthermore, reinforcing teaching is not included on the
students’ experiences. This, in some cases, consistently
delays the pace to cover the full syllabus and thus
leading to poor student performance.
Syllabus Coverage
Tswani (2009) counsels that rigorous teaching and
learning principles promotes an environment of
motivation to achieve. Buschang et al. (2012) highlight
also that learning reinforcement was lacking or
inadequate and students receive inadequate feedback on
their work. As an intervention towards reducing the