Accepted by E. Hilton: 2 Sept. 2016; published: 5 Oct. 2016 Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 ZOOTAXA ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Copyright © 2016 Magnolia Press Zootaxa 4173 (3): 289–295 http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article 289 http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4173.3.7 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:50570752-1563-45F8-B7FB-A395AE34FFC2 Grammatonotus brianne, a new callanthiid fish from Philippine waters, with short accounts of two other Grammatonotus from the Coral Triangle WILLIAM D. ANDERSON, JR. 1 , BRIAN D. GREENE 2 & LUIZ A. ROCHA 3 1 Grice Marine Biological Laboratory, College of Charleston, 205 Fort Johnson, Charleston, South Carolina 29412-9110, USA. E-mail: andersonwd@cofc.edu 2 Association for Marine Exploration, 73-4100 Kumuao Place, Kailua-Kona, Hawaii 96740, USA. E-mail: bgreene@hawaii.edu 3 California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California 94118, USA. E-mail: LRocha@calacademy.org Abstract In May 2014, a group of ichthyologists from the California Academy of Sciences and the Bishop Museum collecting fishes off the coast of Batangas, Luzon, Philippine Islands, obtained, in a depth of ca. 150 meters, four specimens of a species of Grammatonotus previously unknown to science. This new species, Grammatonotus brianne, is distinguishable from its described congeners by the following combination of characters: short anal-fin spines, rhomboid shaped caudal fin, lateral line usually disjunct, and live coloration. Herein we provide characters that distinguish callanthiids from other percoids and that distinguish Grammatonotus from Callanthias, the other genus in the family Callanthiidae, along with the descrip- tion of the new species and short accounts of two other Grammatonotus, G. crosnieri and G. roseus, from the Coral Trian- gle. Key words: Grammatonotus brianne, Grammatonotus crosnieri, Grammatonotus roseus, Batangas, Luzon, Philippines, Kai Islands, Indonesia Introduction There are two genera in the marine perciform family Callanthiidae, Callanthias Lowe, 1839 (the Splendid Perches—with seven species, Anderson et al., 2015) and Grammatonotus Gilbert, 1905 (the Groppos—with G. brianne n. sp. becoming the eighth described species). The previously described species of Grammatonotus are: G. ambiortus Prokofiev, 2006; Grammatonotus crosnieri (Fourmanoir, 1981); Grammatonotus lanceolatus (Kotthaus, 1976); Grammatonotus laysanus Gilbert, 1905; Grammatonotus macrophthalmus Katayama, Yamamoto, and Yamakawa, 1982; Grammatonotus roseus (Günther, 1880); and Grammatonotus surugaensis Katayama, Yamakawa, and Suzuki, 1980. Groppos are brightly colored planktivorous fishes found in moderately deep waters (to depths of a few hundred meters), most commonly in areas with considerable relief. The species of Grammatonotus and Callanthias, share three characters, a combination that is unusual among percoid fishes: nasal organ with poorly developed lamellae, presence of modified scales with unique ornamentation along body midlaterally, and lateral line running along base of dorsal fin to terminate near base of ultimate dorsal soft ray or continuing posteriorly on dorsolateral surface of caudal peduncle (Anderson and Johnson, 1984; Johnson, 1984; Anderson et al., 2015). In addition, the species of those genera have an unusual arrangement of the supraneural bones, which do not interdigitate with the neural spines; instead they are oriented more or less obliquely, with their proximal ends usually terminating anterior to or dorsal to distal end of anteriormost neural spine (Anderson et al., 2015). Grammatonotus can be distinguished from Callanthias (type species Callanthias paradisaeus Lowe, 1839 = C. ruber) by the following characters (with those of Callanthias in parentheses): one opercular spine (vs. two opercular spines); soft rays in dorsal fin usually 9, rarely 8 or 10 (vs. 10 or 11, very rarely 9 or 12); soft rays in anal fin 9 (vs. 10 or 11, very rarely 9 or 12); branched caudal-fin rays 13 = 7 + 6 (vs. 15 = 8 + 7); first caudal vertebra