_____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ≡ Research Scholar, Assistant Professor PG and Research; ⱷ Associate Professor Head, PG and Research; a Department of Zoology, A.P.A College of Arts and Culture, Palani-624601, Dindigul (D.t), Tamil Nadu, India. *Corresponding author: E-mail: kalaimani.s@jkkn.ac.in; Chapter 11 Print ISBN: 978-93-5547-306-6, eBook ISBN: 978-93-5547-314-1 Bio-Ecological Status of Fresh Water Streams and Conservation Status of Fishes in Palani Hills of Southern Tamil Nadu, India S. Kalaimani a≡ and C. Kandeepan aⱷ* DOI: 10.9734/bpi/rabs/v1/3725E ABSTRACT Different climate changes in Palani hills of fresh water streams can be found in the Western Ghats. Physiochemical parameter determinations for the streams of the Palani hills in South India will be relevant during pandemic circumstances. The water quality evaluation was conducted to better understand the living bio-ecological condition of freshwater streams fishes and their struggle for polluted stream water following the pandemic situation, as well as variations in physiochemical parameters during seasonality of Tamilnadu. Palani hills fresh water streams will be harmed bio ecological condition of Palani hills and living endemic freshwater fishes and biodiversity was influenced, and physiochemical parameter of Palani hills streams in South India is scarce and attracted increasing attention during Pandemic situation, the analytical study would be helpful to understand the conservation status of Palani hills freshwater streams and endemic freshwater fishes. Keywords: Endemic fishes; physiochemical parameter; diversity; Palani hills; seasonality; biological description. 1. INTRODUCTION The water quality assessment was conducted to better understand the living bio-ecological condition of freshwater streams fishes and their struggle for polluted stream water following the covid-19 pandemic situation, as well as changes in physiochemical parameters before and after the covid-19 pandemic spread in Tamilnadu. Various biodiversity centres of endemic and epidemic animal and plant species can be found in India's Western Ghats. The "Great Escarpment of India," as declared by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site, is one of the "hotspots" of biological richness. The diverse freshwater fish fauna of the Western Ghats is well known for its high level of endemism. However, a major part of the faunal diversity of Western Ghats is threatened by human intervention and invasive species. Hence, knowledge of the diversity and distribution of the fish fauna is essential for designing and implementing conservation strategies. In the present study, small hill streams located within the Latitudinal range of 10.10 N – 10.44 N, Longitudinal range of 77.23 E to 77.68 E within the altitudinal range of 250m –2050 m Mean Level Sea Level (MSL) that flows southeast and Southwest directions covering about 90.5 sq km area from origin were studies. Conservation and management of biodiversity relies on effectively monitoring rare (or) patchily distributes species across large area (Bogich et al., 2008). 2. OBJECTIVES 1. To study biological status and physiochemical parameter analysis of fresh water streams in palani hills.