International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) Vol. 13, No. 1, March 2022, pp. 30~38 ISSN: 2088-8694, DOI: 10.11591/ijpeds.v13.i1.pp30-38  30 Journal homepage: http://ijpeds.iaescore.com Speed analysis of motorcycle's wheel drive in various road conditions Wan Muhd Syarifuddin Wan Bukhari 1 , Siti Fauziah Toha 1 , Rabiatuladawiah Abu Hanifah 1 , Nor Azam Kamisan 2 1 Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2 Pumar Solar Power Sdn. Bhd., Seremban, Malaysia Article Info ABSTRACT Article history: Received Feb 19, 2021 Revised Jan 10, 2022 Accepted Jan 24, 2022 The usage of the motorcycle as a mode of transportation has led to increased energy consumption in the transportation sector and high emissions of greenhouse gases. Thus, the rapid development of electric motorcycles through the advancement of technology provides the possibility to address the issues of high energy consumption and the emission of pollutants. Despite its convenience in accommodating mobility in an urban area, statistical data show that road accidents involving the motorcyclist in Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries are very high. The contributing factor to the worrying situation is the failure in controlling the motorcycle speed. One of the solutions is by adjusting the motorcycle speed according to different road conditions. However, a shortcoming is identified based on the numerous studies conducted relating to the electric motorcycle where the studies exclude an analysis of electric motorcycle speed when travelling on different road conditions. Therefore, the slip ratio on the front and the rear wheel has been studied to analyze the suitable electric motorcycle speed when driven on different road conditions. An emphasis is made on two road conditions: dry and wet, and the simulation reveals the suitable speed range for the motorcycle under both road conditions. Keywords: Electric vehicles Road accidents Road transportation Vehicle safety Velocity control This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license. Corresponding Author: Siti Fauziah Toha Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Gombak St., 53100, Selangor, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Email: tsfauziah@iium.edu.my 1. INTRODUCTION In urban areas, the motorcycle can be seen as the primary mode of transportation among road users, especially in Asian countries such as Malaysia, China, and Taiwan. Taking Malaysia as an example, according to the Road Transport Department Malaysia, the number of registered motorcycles contributes to almost 45.98% of the total registered vehicles by the end of 2015 [1]. The number is expected to increase further in the coming years as the public sentiment, especially in the urban area, is hugely affected by the cost of travelling from and to the home daily [2]. Evidently, according to the latest report in June 2017, the number of motorcycles has increased to almost 6.93% from 2015 [3]. Globally, with the increasing number of motorcycles and other vehicles on the road, the transportation sector has become the main contributor to air pollution and worsening the environment by the increase in greenhouse gas emissions [4]. As the dominant vehicle in the transportation sector, the motorcycle is contributing to almost 10% of air pollutants in Taiwan [5]. As part of mitigation measures in environmental protection, the government aims to lessen the number of emissions coming from greenhouse gas (GHG) and air pollutants produced from vehicles [6]. It has been studied that lower noise pollution,