Reconstructive Urology
Modified VQZ-Plasty for the Creation of a
Catheterizable Stoma Suitable as a
Neoumbilicus in Selected Bladder
Exstrophy Patients
Alfredo Berrettini, Waifro Rigamonti, and Marco Castagnetti
OBJECTIVE To present a modified VQZ-plasty technique to create a catheterizable stoma appearing as a
normal-looking neoumbilicus that may be used in selected bladder exstrophy (BE) patients.
METHODS A catheterizable conduit is created according to the Mitrofanoff principle. An asymmetric V flap,
with the base at the level selected as the upper margin of the neoumbilicus, is created and
incorporated into the spatulated appendix. Then a Q flap is developed parallel to the shorter
margin of the V flap, rotated, and anastomosed to the upper edge of the appendix and to the free
margin of the V flap on the contralateral side. The skin gap is filled by a rotational flap overlying
the emerging appendix and stoma site.
RESULTS To date the technique has been used in 2 BE patients. After a follow-up of 10 and 6 months,
respectively, both have good cosmetic and functional results, with an easily catheterizable
stoma.
CONCLUSIONS The described technique allows for the creation of a nearly ideal stoma that looks like a normal
neoumbilicus in selected BE patients yet without an umbilicus and requiring the placement of a
catheterizable conduit. UROLOGY 72: 1073–1076, 2008. © 2008 Elsevier Inc.
B
ladder exstrophy (BE) patients can require the
creation of a catheterizable conduit to empty their
bladder.
1
The umbilicus is generally considered a
suitable site for the creation of a concealed stoma.
2
Nev-
ertheless, because in BE patients the umbilicus is caudally
displaced and attached to the upper margin of the ex-
strophied bladder, it is often excised at the time of initial
repair.
3
Sumfest and Mitchell
4
first proposed the creation of a
neoumbilicus to be used as a catheterizable stoma.
An ideal catheterizable stoma should be concealed,
avoid skin surface mucosal prolapse, include a V flap to be
inserted in the proximal portion of the conduit to avoid
stenoses, and have an inlet entirely made of skin to reduce
trauma during insertion of the catheter. The VQZ-plasty
was devised to fulfill these goals.
5
We present here a modified VQZ technique that may
be used in selected BE patients yet without an umbilicus
and requiring placement of a catheterizable conduit, to
create a catheterizable stoma that appears as a normal-
looking neoumbilicus.
SURGICAL TECHNIQUE
A catheterizable conduit is created according to the
Mitrofanoff principle,
6,7
entering the abdomen through a
midline suprapubic incision.
A broad-based V flap is created in the midline, with
the base at the level selected as the upper margin of the
neoumbilicus and the apex reaching the cranial end of the
midline incision used to enter the abdomen (Fig. 1A).
Creation of a slightly asymmetric flap, 1.5 cm longer on
one side (Fig. 1B), is recommended. The V flap is incor-
porated into the appendix spatulated along its antimes-
enteric border (Fig. 1C). A quadrilateral flap (Q flap) is
developed next to the shorter margin of the V, with the
most cranial portion of the incision slightly bent toward
the midline (Fig. 1C). The Q flap is rotated and anasto-
mosed to the upper edge of the appendix and to the free
margin of the V flap on the contralateral side (Fig. 1D).
Such a flap completes the channel, avoids mucosal pro-
lapse, and enhances neoumbilical depth.
The skin gap is filled by a rotational flap overlying the
emerging appendix and stoma site; this is achieved by
suturing a point opposite to the most distal part of the Q
From the Section of Pediatric Urology, Urology Unit, Department of Oncological and
Surgical Sciences, University Hospital of Padova, Padua, Italy
Reprint requests: Marco Castagnetti, M.D., Section of Pediatric Urology, Urol-
ogy Unit, Department of Oncological and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital of
Padova, Monoblocco Ospedaliero, Via Giustiniani 2, Padua 35128, Italy. E-mail:
marcocastagnetti@hotmail.com
Submitted: March 26, 2008, accepted (with revisions): June 28, 2008
© 2008 Elsevier Inc. 0090-4295/08/$34.00 1073
All Rights Reserved doi:10.1016/j.urology.2008.06.061