Pathology of the Retina and Vitreous David J. Wilson, Jose ´ -Alain Sahel, Alfred Brini, and Daniel M. Albert Contents Congenital or Inherited Diseases of the Retina and Vitreous ........................ 2 Retinopathy of Prematurity ............................................................... 2 Pathogenesis .............................................................................. 3 Clinicopathologic Correlations of the International Classification of Stages of Retinopathy of Prematurity ........................................................... 3 Persistent Fetal Vasculature (Formerly Persistent Hyperplastic Primary Vitreous, PHPV) ..................................................................... 3 Retinal Dysplasia, Degenerations, and Dystrophies .................................. 5 Retinal Dysplasia ......................................................................... 5 Hereditary Vitreoretinal Degenerations .................................................. 7 Hereditary Macular Dystrophies ......................................................... 10 Aging and Degenerative Diseases of the Retina and Vitreous ....................... 13 Age-Related Macular Degeneration ...................................................... 13 Etiopathology ............................................................................. 14 D. J. Wilson (*) Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA e-mail: wilsonda@ohsu.edu J.-A. Sahel Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Sorbonne Université, Paris, France The Eye and Ear Foundation , University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA A. Brini Clinique Ophtalmologique, Centre Hospitalier Régional, Strasbourg, France D. M. Albert Department of Ophthalmology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA e-mail: albedan@ohsu.edu © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 D. M. Albert et al. (eds.), Albert and Jakobiec's Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90495-5_133-1 1