Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Materials Today: Proceedings 21 (2020) 1930–1936 www.materialstoday.com/proceedings 2214-7853 © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Symposium on Functional Materials (ISFM-2018): Energy and Biomedical Applications. ISFM-2018 A Novel Technique for Surface Modification of SA 210 Gr A1 Steel Supreet Singh a,c *, Manpreet Kaur b , Manoj Kumar c * a,c Department of Mechanical Engineering, , I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, India b Department of Mechanical Engineering, Baba Banda Singh Bahadur Engineering College, Fatehgarh Sahib, India a,c Department of Mechanical Engineering Chandigarh University, Mohali, India Abstract Failure of boiler tubes due to High temperature corrosion is commonly reported cause of material degradation. So in order to surface modification boiler tube material (SA-210 Gr A1- low carbon steel) was Friction stir processed (FSPed) using WC tool with plunge depth of 01 mm, transverse speed as 20 mm/min and tool-spindle rotational speeds of 700 rpm, 1300 rpm and 1900 rpm respectively with 03 numbers of passes in each case. In order to characterize; XRD analysis has been carried after processing followed by Optical microscopy (OM) analysis to identify percentage of phases. Further Electron Back Scattered Diffraction (EBSD) analysis was done for calculation of the grain size of bare and FSPed steel: It has been found that coarse grain sizes of the base metal (25µm) has been reduced by FSP to 4.2 µm, 2.3 µm and 1.05 µm at 700 rpm, 1300 rpm and 1900 rpm respectively. The microhardness of the FSPed samples was enhanced by factor of 1.5, 2 and 2.5 in comparison to base steel respectively, this may be due to two dominating mechanisms firstly phase transformation from austenite to martensite and ferrite and secondly grain refinement. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Symposium on Functional Materials (ISFM-2018): Energy and Biomedical Applications. Keywords: Friction Stir Processing; Characterization; Optical microscopy; Electron Back Scattered Diffraction * Corresponding author. +918901081399; +919992137706. E-mail address: supreetsingh2333@gmail.com