Breaking Bad News:
Communication Around Parental Multiple
Sclerosis With Children
ELENA PALIOKOSTA, MD, PHD
STAVROULA DIAREME,PHD
GERASIMOS KOLAITIS, MD, PHD
EMMANUEL TSALAMANIOS, MD
SPYROS FERENTINOS,PHD
SOFIA ANASONTZI, MA
EIRINI LYMPINAKI, MSC
ALKIS TSIANTIS, MD
JOHN TSIANTIS, MD, DPM, FRC, PSYCHD
CLEMENTINE KARAGEORGIOU, MD, PHD
GEORGE ROMER,DR, MED
This study investigates the relation of
communication around parental multiple
sclerosis (MS) to family dysfunction and
mental health problems of the children in
Greek families. Fifty-six families with a
parent with MS were studied regarding
emotional well-being of children, parental
depression, family functioning, and ill-
ness’ related impairment, correlated to
the amount of information about parental
illness provided to children. Significant
differences were found in three dimen-
sions of child psychopathology on mater-
nal scores of Child Behavior Checklist,
between children who had partial infor-
mation about parental illness and the
other two groups of children who had ex-
plicit or no information at all. Differences
were also observed in children’s scores on
(Youth Self Report) social problems be-
tween the same groups. The finding that
children who had only partial informa-
tion about their parents’ illness presented
more problems, illustrates the importance
of “how, what, and how much” of informa-
tion is communicated to children. Clinical
implications are discussed in terms of the
families’ difficulties with communicating
parental illness with their children and
possible need for profesional support.
Keywords: children of parents with multi-
ple sclerosis, family communication around
illness, children’s mental health problems
Elena Paliokosta, Stavroula Diareme, Gerasimos
Kolaitis, Emmanuel Tsalamanios, Spyros Ferentinos,
Sofia Anasontzi, Eirini Lympinaki, Alkis Tsiantis,
and John Tsiantis, Department of Child and Adoles-
cent Psychiatry, Athens University Medical School,
“Agia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, Athens, Greece;
Clementine Karageorgiou, Neurology Department
Athens General Hospital, Athens, Greece; and George
Romer, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Hamburg-
Eppendorf, Germany.
Correspondence concerning this article should be
addressed to Elena Paliokosta, Department of Child
and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, De
Crespigny Park SE5 8AF, London, UK. E-mail:
Eleni.Paliokosta@iop.kcl.ac.uk
Families, Systems, & Health © 2009 American Psychological Association
2009, Vol. 27, No. 1, 64 –76 1091-7527/09/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/a0015226
64
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