Received January 12, 2022, accepted February 2, 2022, date of publication February 15, 2022, date of current version March 1, 2022. Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3151697 Comprehensive Review of KY Converter Topologies, Modulation and Control Approaches With Their Applications K. RAMASH KUMAR 1 , K. RAMEEZ RAJA 2 , SANJEEVIKUMAR PADMANABAN 3 , (Senior Member, IEEE), S. M. MUYEEN 4 , (Senior Member, IEEE), AND BASEEM KHAN 5 , (Senior Member, IEEE) 1 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Dr. N. G. P. Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 641048, India 2 Research Scholar, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Aalim Muhammed Salegh College of Engineering, Muthapudupet, Chennai, Tamilnadu 600055, India 3 CTiF Global Capsule, Department of Business Development and Technology, Aarhus University, Herning 7400, Denmark 4 Department of Electrical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar 5 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hawassa University, Hawassa 05, Ethiopia Corresponding authors: K. Ramash Kumar (ramash1210@yahoo.co.in) and S. M. Muyeen (sm.muyeen@qu.edu.qa) This work was supported by the Qatar National Library. ABSTRACT In current scenario, the challenging task in designing a DC-DC converter has high voltage gain and small output ripple waves, which researchers deal with highly complicated. Because of its topological and Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM), the KY converters have developed a better converter than all the traditional DC-DC converters to overcome this intricacy of voltage transfer gain and output ripple waves. The KY converters had comparative and various qualities when compared with the boost converter with Synchronous Rectifier (SR). The KY converter is used in photovoltaic and sustainable power applications, which are examined in this study. KY converter incorporates mode-1 and mode-2 operation and its types, for example, one plus D and one plus 2D where the KY can deliver the N th type of KY converters. This article provides a comprehensive review and investigation of the KY converters, which incorporates their topology with control methodologies, Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) techniques, working activity of KY converters, and types for mode-1 and -2; it interprets the few strategies the KY converter is executed and its applications. INDEX TERMS KY converters, boost converter, Cuk converter, DC to DC converter, control methodology, digital implementation. I. INTRODUCTION DC–DC power converters are not only becoming more popular, but they are also being respected in the current market. It’s better for invariable power sources in LCDs, Ipads, MP3 players, battery-powered industrial equipment, automobile stereos, communications equipment, fuel cells, electric vehicles, and solar cell modules tec.,. Good output voltage regulation, circuit layout with fewer components, good voltage transfer gain, and reduced output ripple voltage/current are all required for these applications. Based The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Alon Kuperman. on their structure, concept, performance, and application, many topology DC–DC converters have been constructed and classified into six generations. In Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM), typical non-isolated DC–DC converters/Luo converters with/without linked inductance have resulted in pulsating output current, higher output voltage ripples, a greater number of components, diodes, and a right half pole zero (RHPZ) structure [1]–[3]. Many KY topologies have been created to address these cries. KY family converters are recently derived DC-DC converters. Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) plus Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) for KY boost converter has been reported [4]. From this article, it is found that authors were designed FLC plus SMC 20978 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. For more information, see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ VOLUME 10, 2022