Case Report
Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) Treated with
Snake Antivenom
Waleed Salem , Mohamed Gafar Abdelrahim , Layth Al Majmaie ,
Mohammed Dahdaha , Faten Al-Bakri , and Amr Elmoheen
Emergency Department, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
Correspondence should be addressed to Mohamed Gafar Abdelrahim; mabdelrahim@hamad.qa
Received 30 June 2021; Accepted 4 October 2021; Published 16 October 2021
Academic Editor: Kazuhito Imanaka
Copyright © 2021 Waleed Salem et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Cardiac complications following snakebites are uncommon but fatal. Here, we discuss a case of a snakebite that led to acute
myocardial infarction (AMI). Forty-five-year-old male presented to the emergency room with snakebite on the right middle
finger. He was given symptomatic treatment and admitted for observation. His vital signs and initial investigations were normal
except for the white blood count that was high. During observation, he developed vomiting and bradycardia. He was diagnosed
with a right bundle branch block on ECG. The patient developed chest pain after a few hours and was diagnosed with AMI on
ECG. The toxicology team started antivenom therapy. His troponin kept rising initially but later started coming down without
percutaneous intervention (PCI). He was treated successfully with antivenom therapy and discharged.
1. Introduction
Snakebite is a common presentation in many regions of the
world and is associated with high morbidity and mortality
[1]. The implications of snakebite are vast and are not lim-
ited to the affected area only. The venom is absorbed in
the bloodstream and causes systemic symptoms as well [2].
Cardiotoxicity is one of the uncommon complications of
snakebites, and people who present after a snake bite can
develop myocardial infarction [3]. Many such cases have
been reported [4]. Myocardial infarction can be multifacto-
rial in such cases and can be a life-threatening complication
of snake envenomation [3, 5]. The standard treatment is per-
forming percutaneous intervention (PCI) after achieving
hemodynamic stability and giving antivenom to the patient
[3]. In this case report, we present a rare case in which the
patient did not have to undergo PCI after he suffered from
an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) following snakebite,
and his condition improved after administering antivenom.
Elapid envenomation is rare in Qatar so that crotaline
bites can be a concern. In the Middle East, including Qatar,
the Saharan horned viper called Cerastes cerastes and Cer-
astes gasperettii are the most prevalent species of snakes [6].
2. Case Presentation
A forty-five-year-old male patient presented to the emer-
gency department on day 1 with a snakebite on his right
middle finger followed by pain and swelling (Figure 1). He
tied the area above his wrist after the bite. His vitals were
normal on presentation, and blood investigations were sent.
His white blood count was high, while the rest of the inves-
tigations were normal (Table 1). Then, the patient was
admitted to the acute medical unit for observation, and IV
fluid, hydrocortisone, and paracetamol were administered.
On day 2 (after 16 hours from the envenomation), the
patient started to have episodes of vomiting and started to
be bradycardic with a heart rate of 50 beats per minute.
His electrocardiogram (ECG) showed a right bundle branch
block (RBBB) (Figure 2). Investigations were performed
again, and they showed a reduction in platelet count and
an increase in the international normalised ratio (INR).
The patient’s vitals were continuously being monitored; tox-
icology and medical ICU (MICU) teams were contacted.
After 4 hours (20 hours from the envenomation), the patient
had an episode of chest pain. The ECG was repeated and
showed an ST segment elevation in inferior leads and ST
Hindawi
Case Reports in Emergency Medicine
Volume 2021, Article ID 9945296, 5 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9945296