Udbha†a, grammarian and Cårvåka 1 JOHANNES BRONKHORST Udbha†a, grammarian and Cårvåka (published in: Linguistic Traditions of Kashmir. Essays in memory of paˆ∂it Dinanath Yaksha. Ed. Mrinal Kaul and Ashok Aklujkar. New Delhi: D. K. Printworld. 2008. Pp. 281-299) The great History of Sanskrit Grammar by Yudhi∑†hira M¥måµsaka (Saµsk®ta Vyåkaraˆa- Íåstra kå Itihåsa) mentions Kashmir (if one can rely on its index) in connection with only three grammatical authors: Patañjali the author of the Mahåbhå∑ya, Kaiya†a its commentator, and K∑¥rasvåmin the author of a commentary on the Påˆinian Dhåtupå†ha. The link of none of these authors with Kashmir is beyond doubt; nor is the Kashmirian connection of the grammarian to be introduced in this article, Udbha†a. This link, in the case of Udbha†a, is circumstantial: (i) We learn a great deal about him from Jayanta Bha††a, who was a Kashmirian; and (ii) he may have been identical with the learned sabhåpati of King Jayåp¥∂a of Kashmir called Bha††a Udbha†a, mentioned in the Råjatara∫giˆ¥ (4.495). * * * The commentator Cakradhara, who may have lived in the eleventh century, refers in his Nyåyamañjar¥granthibha∫ga to the work of a certain Udbha†a in connection with the words ßobhå, c¥rˆa, varˆa, vareˆya, gaˆeya, bhråji∑ˆu, and kåndiߥka, whose derivation presents difficulties. Since this passage continues (and even refers back to) an earlier one, we will consider both, and also the passages from Jayanta Bha††a's Nyåyamañjar¥ which they explain. [282] The first passage from the Nyåyamañjar¥ occurs in the middle of a long critique of the reliability of Påˆini's grammar. Here it states: 1 Ny1 anye tu ßobheti c¥rˆam iti na yåti pratibhettum iti måtur anuharat¥ti phalinabarhiˆau hy adyåseti 2 kåndiߥka iti bhråji∑ˆur iti gaˆeya iti vareˆya iti 1 Jayanta Bha††a, Nyåyamañjar¥, ed. Varadacharya vol. II p. 245-246; ed. Íukla vol. I p. 385; ed. Gaurinath Sastri vol. II p. 182-183. 2 Instead of phalinabarhiˆau hy adyåseti two editions read phalinabarhiˆaµ balavånohyadyåseti (Varadacharya) and phalinabarhiˆau ghås¥ti (Íukla); the adopted reading seems to be the one known to Cakradhara.