~ 887 ~
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2017; 5(3): 887-890
E-ISSN: 2320-7078
P-ISSN: 2349-6800
JEZS 2017; 5(3): 887-890
© 2017 JEZS
Received: 03-03-2017
Accepted: 04-04-2017
Jitendra Nagar
Department of Entomology,
SKN College of Agriculture,
SKN Agriculture University,
Jobner, Rajasthan, India
SK Khinchi
Department of Entomology,
SKN College of Agriculture,
SKN Agriculture University,
Jobner, Rajasthan, India
BL Naga
Department of Entomology,
SKN College of Agriculture,
SKN Agriculture University,
Jobner, Rajasthan, India
SL Sharma
Department of Entomology,
SKN College of Agriculture,
SKN Agriculture University,
Jobner, Rajasthan, India
Akhter Hussain
Department of Entomology,
SKN College of Agriculture,
SKN Agriculture University,
Jobner, Rajasthan, India
Anita Sharma
Department of Entomology,
SKN College of Agriculture,
SKN Agriculture University,
Jobner, Rajasthan, India
Correspondence
Jitendra Nagar
Department of Entomology,
SKN College of Agriculture,
SKN Agriculture University,
Jobner, Rajasthan, India
Effect of abiotic factors on Incidence of sucking
insect pests and their major natural enemies of
Okra
Jitendra Nagar, SK Khinchi, BL Naga, SL Sharma, Akhter Hussain and
Anita Sharma
Abstract
The present research was aimed to study the seasonal incidence of major sucking pests and their natural
enemies on okra, Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench under field conditions at Department of
Entomology, S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner, Rajasthan during kharif, 2014. The crop revealed
that two sucking pests viz., jassid, Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Ishida) and whitefly, Bemisia tabaci
(Genn.) appeared as major sucking pests. The incidence of jassid and whitefly was first commenced in
the second week of August and reached to peak (16.50 jassids and 18.80 whiteflies per three leaves) in
the third week of September, at 34.5
0
C maximum temperature, 22.1
0
C minimum temperature, 71.0 per
cent relative humidity, thereafter, the insect population started declining. The correlation studies revealed
that the infestation of jassid and whitefly on okra crop showed non-significant correlation with maximum
temperature (r = -0.02 and -0.03), minimum temperature (r = 0.30 and 0.33) and rainfall (r = 0.45 and
0.48), while positive significant correlation with relative humidity (r = 0.65 and 0.64) and predatory lady
bird beetle (r = 0.98 and 0.97). The predatory lady bird beetle, Menochilus sexmaculatus Fab. was also
recorded during the crop season. The population of lady bird beetle was first recorded in the third week
of August which gradually increased and reached to peak (4.70 beetles/ five plants) in the third week of
September, thereafter, their population started to decline. The correlation studies showed a non-
significant correlation with maximum temperature, minimum temperatures and rainfall, while, significant
correlation with relative humidity. Lady bird beetles showed a significant effect on the pest species.
Keywords: Abiotic factors, sucking insect pests, Natural enemies and okra, A. esculentus
Introduction
Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] commonly known as Bhindi or lady’s finger
(family: Malvaceae) is a popular fruit vegetable crop due to its high nutritional and medicinal
values. In India, it is cultivated throughout the country for its immature tender fruits. The crop
occupies an area over 532.66 thousand hectares with an annual production to the tune of
6346.37 thousand metric tonnes. In Rajasthan, it is grown in an area of 3.95 thousand hectares
with an annual production of 12.27 thousand metric tonnes (Anonymous, 2013-14)
[1]
. It is
attacked by a number of insect pests right from germination to harvesting, viz., jassid, Amrasca
biguttula biguttula (Ishida); aphid, Aphis gossypii (Glover); whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.);
shoot and fruit borer, Earias insulana (Boisd.), Earias vittella (Fab.); leaf roller, Sylepta
derogata (Fab.); red cotton bug, Dysdercus koenigii (Fab.); mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus
(Boisd.); green plant bug, Nezara viridula (Linn.); blister beetle, Mylabris pustulata (Thunb.)
and green semilooper, Anomis flava (Fab.). Among these pests, jassid, A. biguttula biguttula
and whitefly, B. tabaci are most important sucking insect pests of okra in Rajasthan (Dangi
and Ameta, 2005; Meena and Kanwat, 2005)
[3, 9]
.
The jassids suck the cell sap from lower surface of the leaves and inject toxic substance
resulting in curling of leaves, as a result of which the plant growth is retarded. The severe
infestation of the pest causes burning of leaves which fall latter and results in 40-60 per cent
decrease in yield. The whitefly transmits viral diseases from diseased to healthy plants as a
vector (Narke and Suryawanshi, 1987)
[11]
.
To minimize the losses caused by insect pests in okra crop, the weather conditions prevailing
in a region play an important role in occurrence and subsequent build-up of pest population.
As such the studies were undertaken the effect of abiotic factors on incidence of sucking insect
pests and their major natural enemies of okra.