AUTHOR'S PROOF UNCORRECTED PROOF 1 2 3 4 Are Social Networks Survival Networks? An Example 5 from the Late Pre-Hispanic US Southwest 6 Lewis Borck & Barbara J. Mills & 7 Matthew A. Peeples & Jeffery J. Clark 8 9 # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014 10 11 Abstract Archaeologists have regarded social networks as both the links through 12 which people transmitted information and goods as well as a form of social storage 13 creating relationships that could be drawn upon in times of subsistence shortfalls or 14 other deleterious environmental conditions. In this article, formal social network 15 analytical (SNA) methods are applied to archaeological data from the late pre- 16 Hispanic North American Southwest to look at what kinds of social networks charac- 17 terized those regions that were the most enduring versus those that were depopulated 18 over a 250-year period (A.D. 1200–1450). In that time, large areas of the Southwest 19 were no longer used for residential purposes, some of which corresponds with well- 20 documented region-wide drought. Past research has demonstrated that some population 21 levels could have been maintained in these regions, yet regional scale depopulation 22 occurred. We look at the degree to which the network level property of embeddedness, 23 along with population size, can help to explain why some regions were depopulated 24 and others were not. SNA can help archaeologists examine why emigration occurred in 25 some areas following an environmental crisis while other areas continued to be 26 inhabited and even received migrants. Moreover, we modify SNA techniques to take 27 full advantage of the time depth and spatial and demographic variability of our 28 archaeological data set. The results of this study should be of interest to those who 29 seek to understand human responses to past, present, and future worldwide catastrophes 30 since it is now widely recognized that responses to major human disasters, such as 31 hurricanes, were “likely to be shaped by pre-existing or new social networks” (as 32 reported by Suter et al. (Research and Policy Review 28:1–10, 2009)). 33 Keywords Social network analysis . E–I index . Migration . Resilience . Salado . 34 Persistence J Archaeol Method Theory DOI 10.1007/s10816-014-9236-5 L. Borck (*) : B. J. Mills School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA e-mail: lsborck@gmail.com Q2 L. Borck : M. A. Peeples : J. J. Clark Archaeology Southwest, Tucson, AZ 85701, USA JrnlID 10816_ArtID 9236_Proof# 1 - 19/12/2014